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Theft Act 1968 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - All elements of theft must be present for robbery
      - Element missing = No robbery
      - R v Robinson (1977) - Defendant owed £5 by friend he was fighting , £5 dropped out of friend pocket , defendant picked up
        
        Acquitted as defendant owed £5
    - - Can include small amount of force
        
        However in P V DPP (2012) - Confirmed snatching cigarette wasn't force
      - Confirmed in Dawson v James (1976) and R v Clouden (1987)
        
        Clouden - Defedent wrenched shopping bag from woman's grip
        
        Didn't physically touch but held force used to grab bag was enough to count for force
      - Sufficient force is for the jury to decide
    - - R Hale (1979)
        
        Two men forced way into woman's house , one put hand over woman's mouth while other went upstairs . After stealing jewellery tied woman up
        
        Putting hand over mouth considered force , tying up was a continuing action constituting force
    - - Theft doesn't need to happen on person being threatened
      - E.g - Hostages in a bank robbery
- - - - Defendant physically taken object from owner
      - Doing something with property that owner that they don't have the right to do
      - R v Morris - Defendant switched price of two products , didn't leave with product but putting in his trolley considered appropriation
      - Section 3(1) Appropriation - Can happen where someone doesn't steal , e.g someone decided to keep something they were lent
      - Appropriation can take place if victim consents to item being taken (Lawrence v MPC) 🇮🇹
    - - Includes money , all other property , intangible property
      - Oxford v Moss - Seeing unopened exam questions weren't theft since they were information not property
      - Electricity treated separately as its considered intangible that can't be stolen
      - But if person dishonestly uses electricity without authority and dishonestly causes it to be diverted or wasted can we guity
    - - Means belonging to any person having possession , control or having any proprietary interest
      - Includes where person owns property but also possession
        
        E.g Someone's takes suit that was rented to that person , they are still liable of stealing from that person even though it was rented
  - - - R v Velumyl (1989) - Defendant took money from employers safe with intention of repaying it next Monday , but found out before then and defendant convicted , despite intending to return them