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Janelle Cardenas per.5 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Janelle Cardenas per.5 Digestive & Urinary System
major functions of the digestive system
ORGANIZATION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
parietal peritoneum
: membrane that lines body wall (
internal
)
visceral peritoneum
: membrane on surface of most digestive organs (
external
)
peritoneal cavity
: fluid-filled space between 2 peritoneums
mesentery
: double-layer of peritoneum; back to back
peritoneum
: serous membrane of abdominal cavity
take in food, break it down into nutrient molecules, absorb molecules into bloodstream, & rid of body of any indigestible remains
DIGESTIVE PROCESS
ingestion -> propulsion -> mechanical breakdown -> digestion -> absorption -> defecation
nephron anatomy & physiology
anatomy
RENAL CORPUSCLE
:
1. glomerulus
: allows for efficient filtrate formation which helps form urine
2. glomerular capsule
: surrounds glomerulus
RENAL TUBING
:
1. proximal convuluted tube
: reabsorbs & secretes, increases surface area
2. nephron loop
3. distal convoluted tubule
: secretes & reabsorbs
NEPHRON
: structural & functional units that form urine in the kidneys
physiology
STEP 2: TUBULAR REABSORPTION
: reclaims most of tubular contents & returns them to blood
STEP 3: TUBULAR SECRETION
: gets rid of stuff that is not needed
STEP 1: GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
: hydrostatic pressure forces fluids & solutes through
filtration membrane
layers of GI tract
2. submucosa
: contains blood & lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, & submucosal nerve plexus that supply surrounding GI tract tissues.
3. muscularis externa
: responsible for
segementation
&
peristalsis
1. mucosa
: secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, & hormones absorbs end products of digestion, & protects vs. infectious diseases
4. serosa
: outermost layer
major organs of the urinary system
URETERS
: transports urine from kidney -> urinary bladder
BLADDER
: temporary storage for urine
RENAL PELVIS
: funnel-shaped tube continuous with ureter
URETHRA
: transports urine out of body
KIDNEYS
: maintain the body's internal environment by
regulating total water volume & total solute
regulating ion concentration in ECF
ensuring long term acid-base balance
excreting melodic wastes, toxins, & drugs producing
erythropoietin
activating vitamin D
carrying out glucogenesis
disorders of digestive & urinary system
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
peptic ulcers
: sores that develop in the lining of stomach/duodenum
CAUSES: imbalance of gastric juices, stress, & smoking
SYMPTOMS: heart burn, nausea, & bloating
inflammatory bowel disease
: complex that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
CAUSES: unknown, genetic, & environment?
SYMPTOMS: abdominal pain, cramping, & diarrhea
GERD
: contents of stomach to move back into the esophagus
CAUSES: acid reflux, obesity, & asthma
SYMPTOMS: chest pain, heart burn, & sore throat
diverticulitis
: pouches form on the wall of the colon CAUSES: age, infection, & diet
SYMPTOMS: fever & chills, bloating, & diarrhea
cholecystitis
: inflammation of gallbladder CAUSES: blockage of gall duct, digestive tumors, & gallstones
SYMPTOMS: tender abdomen, sweating, & vomiting
hemmorrhoids
: inflammed veins in the rectum or anus CAUSES: obesity, chronic digestion, & pregnancy
SYMPTOMS: rectal bleeding, anal pain, & feces leakage
URINARY DISEASES
UTI
: abnormal growth of bacteria along urinary tract CAUSES: bacteria, health choices, & pH
SYMPTOMS: frequent urination, cloudy urination, & back pain
kidney stones
: stones formed from high levels of minerals & salts
CAUSES: high levels of minerals/salts
SYMPTOMS: sharp back pain, intense need to urinate, & burning
bladder cancer
: cells of bladder grow abnormally CAUSES: tumors, radiation, & drugs
SYMPTOMS: pain while urinating, lower back pain, & pain in abdomen
major functions of the urinary system
: filter blood and create urine to release waste
location of digestion & absorption
tales place in
SMALL INTESTINE
absorption
ELECTROLYTES ABSORPTION
: takes place in small & large intestine
WATER ABSORPTION
: takes place in small & large intestine
VITAMIN ABSORPTION
: takes place in small intestince
chyme from stomach contains partially digested carbohydrates & proteins & undigested fats
major organs of the digestive system
SMALL INTESTINE
: major organs of digestion & absorption
duodenum
: beginning
jejunum
: middle
ilenum
: joins large intestine
STOMACH
: temporary storage tank that starts chemical breakdown of protein digestion
ESOPHAGUS
: runs from laryngopharynx -> stomach
LARGE INTESTINE
: propulsion of feces -> ANUS, defecation, reabsorption of vitamins, water, & electrolytes
colon
: removes water, nutrients, & electrolytes from partially digested food
PHARYNX
: allows passage of food, fluids, & air
ANUS
MOUTH
: where ingestion takes place (oral cavity)
hard palate
: formed by palatine processes of maxillae
soft palate
: closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
ACCESSORY ORGANS:
tongue
: griping, repositioning & mixing of food during chewing, formation of
bolus
, swallowing, speech, & taste
gallbladder
: stores bile by absorbing water & ions
teeth
: allows mastication
digestive glands
: produces secretion to help break down food
liver
: production of bile
pancreas
: supplies most of enzymes needed to digest chymre & bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
digestive enzymes
AMYLASE
: breaks down
carbohydrates
& made in mouth & pancreas
LIPASE
: breaks down
fats
& made in pancreas
PROTEASES
: breaks down
proteins
, & made in pancreas