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Space, These are mysterious forms of matter and energy that constitute…
Space
Fun facts
VY Canis Majoris
Distance from Earth
Approximately 3,840 light-years
Size
Estimated to be around 1,420 times the radius of the Sun
Cool Facts
One of the largest known stars, discovered in 1801 by Jérôme Lalande. It's part of the constellation Canis Major
Color, Temperature, Magnitude
Reddish, around 3,000 K, -7.6 (variable)
Source
Smith, N. (2001). The Circumstellar Environment of VY Canis Majoris. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 113(783), 1215–1235.
https://doi.org/10.1086/324342
Stage of Life Cycle:
Red Hypergiant Star
Chapter 3:
Star Clusters
Star clusters are groups of stars held together by gravitational attraction.
Stars
They have life cycles ranging from nebulae to supernovae.
HR Diagram categorizes stars based on luminosity, temperature, and evolutionary stage
Stars are bodies composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.
Galaxies
Galaxies are vast collections of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter. They come in various shapes such as spiral, elliptical, and irregular.
Parallax
Parallax is a technique used to measure the distance to nearby stars by observing their apparent shift against background objects as the Earth orbits the Sun
Telescopes and Electromagnetic Radiation
Telescopes collect and magnify light and other electromagnetic radiation from celestial objects for observation
Chapter 2:
Celestial Sphere
The celestial sphere is an imaginary sphere surrounding Earth to which the stars, planets, and other celestial objects appear to be attached
Constellations and North Star
Constellation:patterns of stars in the night sky :
The North Star (Polaris) remains nearly fixed in the sky and told us where is the north
Azimuth and Altitude
Azimuth is the direction of a celestial object measured clockwise from the north
Altitude is the angle of a celestial object above the horizon.
Different Movements in the Sky:
Ecliptic: The apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere.
Retrograde Motion: Move backwards.caused by the Earth's motion.
Rotation of Earth: The Earth rotates on its axis, causing celestial objects to appear to rise and set.
chapter 4:
How Did the Universe Begin?
The universe began with the Big Bang, an event approximately 13.8 billion years ago
Evidence of the Big Bang Theory
Red-Shift
Galaxies are moving away from us, causing their light to be red-shifted
CMBR
Still detectable today as “background noise” by satellites Detected from the earth in all directions, no matter where the earth is positioned!
Hubble Constant
The Hubble constant measures the rate of expansion of the universe
Dark Matter and Dark Energy
doesn’t emit light, so can’t be detected visually
expanding at an accelerating rate (speeding up) due to dark energy
Chapter 1:
Definition
Definition of Universe: The universe encompasses all space, time, matter, and energy, including galaxies, stars, planets, and the cosmic phenomena within.(everying)
Celestial Objects: These are objects in the universe, including stars, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and galaxies.
Astronomy: (out of the earth)Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere.
Measuring distances in space
Au (Astronomical Unit): An astronomical unit is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, about 149.6 million kilometers. It's used mainly within our solar system.
Light-years: Light-year is the distance light travels in one year, approximately 9.461 trillion kilometers. It's used to measure vast distances in space.
These are mysterious forms of matter and energy that constitute most of the universe's mass-energy content and influence its expansion.
Light-years is longer than Au
