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Dana De Guzman period 3 Digestive & urinary system - Coggle Diagram
Dana De Guzman period 3 Digestive & urinary system
major functions of the digestive system
Nutrient absorption, secretions of water and enzymes
excretion of waste products
Ingestion and digestion of food
major functions of the urinary system
filters wastes and salt from the blood
regulate pH and body fluid volume
helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes and water
Helps control red blood cells production and blood pressure
major organs of the digestive system
Mouth:
first portion of the alimentary canal. Mechanical digestion. Saliva + food = bolus
esophagus:
collapsible muscular tube leading to the stomach
Stomach:
chemical digestion of the food. Gastric juice + bolus = chyme. secretes mucus cells, chief cells, parietal cells.
Pancreas:
secretes pancreatic amylase and lipase for digestion. bicarbonate ion creates an alkaline environment for the enzyme to do their job
Liver:
creates bile. filters blood. stores glycogen, vitamins, and B12, iron. detoxify blood
Gallbladder:
stores bile. high cholesterol turns into gallstone
Small intestine:
finishes digestion of nutrients that arrive in the chyme. absorbs digestive end products.
large intestine:
absorbs electroyltes and water. stores and forms feces
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major organs of the urinary system
Kidneys:
filter blood
Ureters:
transports urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary bladder:
stores urine
Urethra:
conveys urine to the outside of the body
digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Pepsinogen:
comes from chief cells of the gastric glands. Inactive pepsin
pepsin:
pepsinogen activated by hydrochloric acid. a protein splitting enzyme that digests nearly all types of dietary protein into polypeptides
Hydrochloric acid:
comes from parietal cells of the gastric glands. Provides the acid environment needed for the production and action of pepsin
Mucus:
comes from mucus cells. Provides a viscous, alkaline protective layer on the stomach's inner surface
Intrinsic factor:
source from the parietal cells of the gastric glands. Needed for vitamin B12 absorption on the small intestine
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
Carbohydrates:
enzyme amylase break down starches into smaller sugars in the mouth. pancreatic amylase breaks down starches into disaccharides in the small intestine. in small intestine: disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharieds
Lipids:
In small intestine, bile salts emulsify large fat globules into smaller droplets. pancreatic lipase then breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins:
pepsin breaks down proteins into small peptides. pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin breaks down peptides into smaller peptides and amino acids
layers of the GI tract (including the stomach)
Mucosa:
inner layer of the wall. Protects tissues of the wall. modified into folds or projections to increase surface area
Submucosa:
under mucosa. Loose connective tissue, lymphatic & blood vessels, nerves and glands. nourishes other surrounding layers. transports absorbed nutrients away from the digestive organs
Muscularis:
two smooth muscles (longitudinal and circular muscle) propels the food through the canal
Serosa:
reduces friction between organs. Secretes serious fluid
Nephron anatomy and physiology
renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Promixal convoluted tubule (PTC)
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Collecting Duct
Anatomy:
Physiology:
Filtration:
blood enters glomerulus, small molecules and waste products are filtered through the glomerular membrane into Bowman's capsule to form filtrate
Reabsorption:
filtrate passes through the renal tubule, and are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream to maintain the body's internal balance
Secretion:
wastes are transported from the blood into the renal tubule to be excreted in urine
Excretion:
urine is formed into the collecting duct and drains into the renal pelvis before being transported to the bladder for storage
disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
Cholecystitis:
inflammation of the gallbladder
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):
chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing HCI to move to esophagus
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):
chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract
Peptic Ulcers:
sores that develop in the lining at the stomach or duodenum
Colorectal cancer:
uncontrolled cell growth in the colon
IBS:
abnormal abdominal conditions
bladder cancer:
tumor in bladder
Urinary tract infection (UTI):
abnormal growth of bacteria in the urinary tract
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