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Geog chapter 9 - Coggle Diagram
Geog chapter 9
How can housing be sustainably managed
integrated land-use planning
process by which the needs of different groups and their competing demands can be resolved to ensure sustainable development of the city
the housing and development board (HDB) utilises the new town planning concept
tengah estate
developed self-contained towns
public housing, amenities, retail, industries, education, healthcare and recreation services
requires coordination of many stakeholders, difficult to do in some countries due to many competing perspectives
by urban development authorities
provision of inclusive public housing
by housing development authorities
ensuring that all of the urban population can have access to housing that meets their varying needs
cater to people of all ages and physical conditions, so that they feel at ease in their housing estates
ramps for wheelchair bound, braille and tactile markings on lift button controls
small families may prefer smaller apartments, extended families may prefer larger apartments
environmental features in buildings
solar panels
offset electrical consumption of common lighting
water efficient fittings
minimise water contamination
green roofs and walls
reduce surrounding temperatures
environmentally friendly technology
cost savings
expensive to install
may be persisted as inconvenient to residents
sorting out trash before recycling them
need to educate the population through educational campaigns or outreach programs, which adds on to the cost of building homes
zero energy building designs
improvement to the condition of slums
improve access to basic services, improve building quality of homes
better access to clean water and sanitation raises health levels and reduce the threat of disease to the people
occupants in slums are more motivated to invest in their own homes and make improvements to community infrastructure
runs contrary to long-term city development plans, slums built on land not intended for housing, problems in future city developments
social problems may still remain
crime rates and unemployment
through government funding
What is the relationship between housing and environment and people.
how does housing affect the natural environment
use of natural resources
forests are cleared to build houses and for the expansion of cities
natural resources needed to meet human needs
water resources needed for various purposes
1 in 4 cities is water-stressed due to geographical and financial limitations
includes forest resources, mining for minerals, fossil fuels
environment pollution
land pollution
long-term damage to land, unsafe to build houses
waste from homes, factories, offices and schools
cities build landfills to dispose of waste products
some cities incinerate waste
singapores only landfill is at Semakau Island
includes soil contamination, garbage and industrial waste, impact from mining and other forms of industry
more common in slums
lack of garbage or waste disposal system results in the dumping of garbage into open drains and areas outside house
garbage heap can generate a foul smell and also become and eyesore
land pollution often contributes to water pollution as nutrients and substances of polluted sites seep into the groundwater or run off into lakes and rivers before reaching the ocean
to minimise land and water pollution we can use proper waste management, use natural fertilisers and pesticides
water pollution
includes surface run-off from streets, garbage dumps, toxic waste, leaking fuel storage tanks
contamination of groundwater and surface water
water pollution is usually more common in slums
rivers near slum areas may be used for washing, garbage and sewage disposal. hence the river becomes badly polluted
contaminants from sewage can also seep into the groundwater and pollute nearby water sources as well
to minimise land and water pollution we can use proper waste management, use natural fertilisers and pesticides
air pollution
to minimise air pollution we can increase public transport ridership and use alternative sources of energy like solar power
concentrating people in a particular area concentrates their waste product as well
included burning of fossil fuels for energy use and production, vehicular and industrial emission
how does access to housing affect people
provision of basic services
easier access to water and electricity due to infrastructure development
shelter and sanitation
sanitation reduces disease outbreak and improves well-being and overall health
presence of amenities
useful or desirable features of a place that makes life easier for residents
grocery shops and clinics
presence of communities
social needs of residents are met and get to know people within their neighbourhood
interactions with neighbours and sense of belonging