Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Diseases Acquired Through The Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Diseases Acquired Through The Respiratory System
Rhinosinusitis and otitis media
Sign and symptoms
Malaise
Inflamed nasal passages
severe pain in the ears (Otitis Media)
Caused by various respiratory microbiota
damage to upper respiratory system and auditory tube
viral infections
cigarette smoke
allows normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens.
Virulence Factor
Pathogenesis
Bacteria in the pharynx spread to the sinuses via the throat
middle ears are infected via the auditory tubes
Treatment
Omixicillin
Flushing nasal and sinus cavities with saline solution can reduce duration of symptoms
Diagnosis
Symptoms are often diagnostic
Prevention
No known way to prevent
-Streptococcal Respiratory Disease
Sign and symptoms
Laryngitis
Bronchitis
Headache
Fever
Pharyngitis (Sore throat difficulty swallowing)
Shock
Rashes
Group A streptococci (S. Pyogenes)
Acute gromerulonephritis
Scarlet & Rheumatic fever
Virulence Factor
Streptokinase
Group A streptococci to spread rapidly through damaged tissues.
M protein
Inhibition of complement C3b
opsonization
Lysis
Hyaluronic Acid
Camouflage from phagocytes
C5a peptidase
Reduces movement of leukocytes to site of infection
Streptolysins
Lysis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Pyrogenic Toxins
leukocytes to release cytokines
Epidemiology
Spread via respiratory droplets
Occurs most often in winter and spring
Treatment
penicillin
erythromycin
Pathogenesis
Depletes normal microbiota
Introduction of large inoculum
Impaires of adaptive immunity
Diagnosis
Confused as viral pharyngitis
Diphteria
Sign and symptoms
Oozing of fluid in the throat
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Toxin
the symptoms & prevent polypeptide synthesis causing apoptosis
Prevents polypeptide synthesis and causes cell death
Virulence factor
Pathogenesis
Skin Contact
Epidemiology
Symptomatic in immunocompromised or nonimmune individuals
Leading cause of death among unimmunized children
Diagnosis
based on presence of a pseudomembrane
Prevention
Vaccination
Treatment
Treated with antitoxin and antibiotics
neutralize diphtheria toxin before it binds to cells; once the toxin binds to a cell, it enters via endocytosis and kills the cell
Common cold
Sign and symptoms
runny nose
congestion
sore throat
cough
Virus within genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae
Pathogenesis
attaching to cells of the nasal mucous membrane, cold viruses
cause the cells to synthesize many more viruses, then kill the cells
The new viruses are released to infect still more cells.
Infected cells lose their ciliary action
shed off when they die
trigger the release of inflammatory chemicals
stimulate nerve cells
1 more item...
Epidemiology
Aerosols produced by coughing or sneezing, via fomites, or via hand-to-hand contact.
Virulence Factor
Optimum temperature for reproduction – 33°C (nose)
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pleconaril
Antihistamines
Prevention
Hand sanitizers