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GEL: Topic 2.3 - Common Hazards in Urban Neighbourhoods - Coggle Diagram
GEL: Topic 2.3 - Common Hazards in Urban Neighbourhoods
What are hazards?
refers to a process, phenomenon, or human activity
that may cause loss of life, other health impacts, property damage, as well as social and economic consequences
can be classified as
natural
volcanic eruptions
earthquakes
man made
traffic hazards
What are traffic hazards and their impacts?
What are air pollution hazards and their impacts?
occurs due to
presence of contaminants in the air
interfere with human health, welfare or produce other harmful environmental effects.
common causes
burning vegetation
releases carbon dioxide, contributing to air pollution
industrial and motor emissions
increase in car ownership and usage contributes to air pollution
produce high amounts of greenhouse gases
for example
In 2019, Singapore had 56% increase of vegetation fires due to drier and hotter weather
led to slight deterioration to air quality
health impacts
respiratory infections, heart disease and lung cancer
inhalation of nitrogen dioxide can cause asthma in children
inhalation of harmful particles can cause breathing difficulty
What are fire hazards and their impacts?
may occur in both
residential areas
non-residential areas
common causes
unattended cooking
faulty electrical appliances and wiring
for examples
Total of 358 fire cases in 2021 due to reported unattended cooking in Singapore.
Increase of fire cases involving Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs) typically in residential areas.
property damage
destroy commercial and residential properties
economic losses as goods, furniture and important documents are destroyed.
further costs
money is used to repair damages caused by fire
health impacts
smoke inhalation
death
breathing difficulties
suffocation
irritants from fire such as acid gas
damage respiratory system.
high levels of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
death
loss of consciousness
carbon dioxide poisoning
weakness and confusion
headache and dizziness
for example
3 fire fatalities and close to 200 fire injuries in Singapore in 2021.
fires can cause people severe burns
lead to disabilities or death