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energy - Coggle Diagram
energy
Energy demand & production
Energy demand
Energy demand is rapidly increasing
Population growth and development are the main reasons for higher energy demand
this is caused by things like
There is more transport all of which requires energy in the form of petrol, diesel or electricity
Urbanisation increases with development increasing domestic appliances, heating, lighting
More industries demand more energy, heat and lighting
Increased wealth means people buy more appliances and technology which require energy
higher demand for food(MORE INTENSIVE FARMING)
Countries with the higher energy demand tend to be more developed countries
Countries with lower energy consumption tend to be less developed countries
energy use :
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=1920,w=1920/uploads/2022/07/energy-use-per-person.jpeg
Main energy demand
Most of the energy comes from
fossil fuels(84%)
Renewable (11%) still increasing
Nuclear (4%)
https://cdn.savemyexams.com/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,width=1920,w=1920/uploads/2022/07/global-energy-use.png
How much energy a ountry needs
Energy production
Energy sources are distributed in all around the world, unevenly
Some areas produce very little energy due to a lack of natural resources or they do not have the money to exploit the resources
Fossil fuels are the main energy sources
The main producers of fossil fuels for primary energy are:
USA
Canada
Norway
Russia
Australia
Middle East
These countries are also the main energy consumers.
Energy security
An energy gap is when a country cannot meet the demand for energy using its own resources
When countries have an energy gap, they have to import energy to meet the demand
Having an energy gap means that a country is not energy secure
To be energy secure a country needs an:
Uninterrupted supply of energy
Affordable supply
Accessible supply
Energy security can also be affected by
Energy sources running out
War/conflict
Natural hazards
Political disputes
When the supply of energy surpases the demand
Renewable and non-renewable energy
Non-Renewable energy
[oil]
disadvantages
Risk of oil spills -ex: Exxon Valdez
Risk of fire/explosions -exp: Piper Alpha oil platform
not very common
Releases CO2 one of the main greenhouse gases
Air pollution
Price fluctuates
advantages
Efficient
Less polluting than coal
Quite easy to transport - pipes or barrels
Easy to produce energy from
Reliable
oil is a fossil fuel which is burned to generate heat to heat up water and create steam which turns a turbine
45% of total energy use
Lifespan ranges from 15 to 30 years
Mainly used for vehicles , electricity and heat
coal
disadvantages
Releases CO2 one of the main greenhouse gases
Releases SO2 which leads to acid rain
Opencast mines destroy habitats
Heavy and bulky to transport
Mining accidents
Air pollution
advantages
Large world reserves
Mechanisation and technology have made coal more accessible and cheaper
Cheap
Efficient
Easy to produce energy from
Reliable
Its lifespan is 435 years.
Coal is a fossil fuel which is burned to generate heat to heat up water and create steam which turns a turbine
36% of total energy use
Mainly used for heat and electricity
gas
disadvantages
Risk of explosions
Releases CO2 one of the main greenhouse gases
Air pollution
Price fluctuates
advantages
Less pollutant fossil fuel
easy to transport
efficient
reliable
easy to produce energy
lifespan is around 53 years
By burning gas, we create heat which powers a turbine. The rotation of this turbine spins a generator which creates electricity.
22% of total energy use
Mainly used for heating and cooking
nuclear energy
advantages
No greenhouse gas emissions
Efficient
Small amounts of uranium needed
disavantages
Nuclear waste is radioactive and expensive to dispose of
Power stations are expensive
Risk of nuclear accidents - Chernobyl, Fukushima
Possible health impacts in the areas around nuclear power stations
Nuclear energy is the energy released from the nucleus of an atom, this energy is used to heat up water and create electricity with turbines
4.4% of total energy use
mainly used to create electricity
Non-renewable energy are energy sources which are finite and will eventually run out
Renewable energy
Renewable energy are energy sources which are infinite and will not run out.
Hydroelectric
advantages
No greenhouse gas emissions
Controls flooding downstream
Often in sparsely populated areas
May provide water storage for irrigation and domestic use
disadvanteges
Large areas of land are flooded behind the dam
Dam traps sediment which can affect ecosystems downstream
Visual pollution
Can prevent fish movement upstream
People and settlements may have to be relocated
Expensive to build and maintain
mainly used for electricity
1.6% of total energy
Uses flow of water to produce energy with turbines
wave/tidal
advantages
No greenhouse gas emissions
No air pollution
Has the potential to produce large amounts of energy
Reliable
disadvantages
Expensive to build and maintain
Can affect marine ecosystems
Few suitable sites
Uses the energy from wave to produce energy with a turbine
1.5 % of the total energy is `produced by tidal
Mainly used to produce electricity
wind
disadvantages
Not reliable only works when the wind is strong enough but not too strong
Visual pollution
Noise pollution
Many turbines (233) are needed to produce the same energy as an average coal fired power station
May affect bird migration patterns or kill birds who fly into the moving blades
advantages
No greenhouse gas emissions
No air pollution
Can be small or large scale
Cheap to run
Can be on land or offshore
The movement of air which turns a turbine creating energy
7.3% of total enegry
Electricity and water heating
solar energy
Advantages
No greenhouse gas emissions
No air pollution
Can be small or large scale
Can be used in most locations
Can be incorporated into building design
disadvantages
Expensive
Not reliable only works when it is sunny
Large numbers needs to produce energy
Uses large areas of land
converts sunlight into energy
4.4% of total energy consumption
mainly used for electricity
geothermal
advantages
No CO2 gases
Lots of potential sites
Reliable
Can produce large amounts of energy
disadvantages
Expensive
Emits sulphuric gases
High temperatures cause maintenance issues
mainly used to produce heat
0.5% of total energy use
extract heat from earth's surface
Biomass
advantage
Uses waste or biofuels which regrow
Available in most locations
disadvantages
Air pollution
Produces greenhouse gases
Expensive
Used for heating, as fuel for vehicles or creation of electricity
6% of total energy use
created from burning biomass fuel
Energy management
Sustainable energy management
It is essential for countries to regulate the amount of energy used (specially for non-renewables) so future generations don't run out.
If supplies run out this will mean that
Prices of energy will increase
Countries with more energy will become more powerful
Energy security will decrease
Things that can be done for more sustainable energy can be
Use less fossil fuels and non-renewable energy
Waste less energy (use more efficient lighting for example)
Ways to reduce energy use
Individual
Reduce car use by using public transport, walking or cycling
Insulating walls and roof spaces
Buy energy efficient (AAA rated) appliances such as washing machines
Don't leave electrical items on standby
Turn the thermostat down and wear more layers
Install solar panels
national
Invest in renewable technologies such as wind and solar
Encourage the switch to electric cars
Invest in public transport
Provide loans for people to install solar panels or insulation
Building regulations to ensure that new homes are energy efficient