ISLAM Monotheistic 
Shirk - Idolatry considered a sin and viewed as polytheism - God does not share his powers with any other god
Five Pillars - These are essential to the life of every Muslim, it is grave sin if disregarded - contained in the Hadith they are Shahada, Salat, Swam, Zakat and Hajj
Gabriel - Archangel Gabriel appeared to Muhammed with a series of messages which is complied into the Quran
Muhammed is the founder of Islam or the Seal of the Prophets. He combined messages he received from the Archangel Garbriel to form the Quran
Quran - series of messages from Archangel Gabriel
People of Book often refers to follower of those religions like Judaism, Christianity, Sabians and according to some interpretations the Zoroastrians that has been guided by previous revelation - In Islam men allowed to marry women of are of the book but women are NOT allowed to marry men of book. (the double standard)
Salat - to pray five times a day (dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening) toward Mecca
Sawm - to fast during Ramadan
Hajj - to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during a person's lifetime, if possible and to Ka'ba which is the center of the Great Mosque at Mecca (Ka'ba is pertains to Abraham and his son Ishmael)
Shahada - This is to declare one's faith in God and believe in Muhammad
Ramadan - Holy month of fasting and prayers. This is celebrated once every year in the month that Muhammed received the initial revelations of the Quran from the Archangel Gabriel. This fasting is concluded with a 3-day celebration called Eid al-Fitr
Hadith - a source of guidance in addition to the Quran that is a collection of traditions which contains sayings of Muhammed, stating his daily practice (Sunna)
Tawheed (Tawhid) - the concept of monotheism - oneness with the God of Islam - there is no other God
Jihad - Lesser (al-jihad al-asghar - is a military struggle or holy war; Jihad the greater (al-jihad al-akbar - personal struggle of self-improvement against personal desires)
Sharia - Religious laws (God's commands) based on the Hadith and Quran that forms the Islamic tradition
Abu Bakr - 1st male convert of Islam, Muhammad's father-in-law, closet companion and advisor who was the first Caliph after Muhammad who was chosen by Muhammad
Mecca - Holiest city for Islam is the birthplace of Muhammed and scene to his early teachings
Medina - Second holiest city of Islam which contains the Prophet's Mosque in which Muhammed himself helped to build - non Muslims are not permitted to enter this sacred area
Ahl al-kitab - Islamic term referring to religions to which Muslims regard as having been part of previous revelation, - these are Jews, Christians the Sabians and some interpretations include the Zoroastrians (same as People of the Book)
Sunni - Largest branch of followers of Muhammed who acknowledges the first 4 Caliphs after the Prophet as his rightful successors
Sh'ia - second largest branch of Islam with the belief that the leader of the Muslim community is chosen by God and God chose Ali and his decendents to succeed Muhammad
Sufism - mystical Islamic belief i which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God
Zakat - compulsory to give those in need 2.5% of your worth
Theocracy - from the Greek word "theos" meaning God or in Western culture God and State - Islam does not uphold any material form, human or institutional, that claim to be representative(s) of God