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化學鍵結 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 共價鍵=>軌域重疊
    - - 價電子軌域經混成作用得到混成軌域
      - 中心原子: lp + bp數量和
        
        2: sp
        
        3: sp^2
        
        4: sp^3
        
        5: sp^3d
        
        6: sp^3d^2
      - 電子對排斥力:lp-lp>lp-bp>bp-bp
    - - 一個分子有超過一種路易斯結構
  - - - 頭對頭重疊，電子核間軸周圍對稱分布
      - 自由轉動
      - 較強
    - - 平行P軌域肩並肩重疊
      - 較容易起化學反應
  - - - AX^2: Linear, bond angle = 180
    - - AX^6: Octahedron, bond angle = 90
        
        AX^5E: Square Pyramid, bond angle = 90
        
        AX^4E^2: Square Planer, bond angle = 90
    - - AX^5: Trigonal bipyramid, bond angle = 120 or 90
        
        AX^4E: Distorted tetrahedron
        
        AX^3E^2: T-shaoe
        
        AX^2E^3: Linear, bond angle = 180
    - - AX^3: Planar Triangle, bond angle = 120
        
        AX^2E: Bent, bond angle < 120
    - - AX^4: Tetrahedron,
        bond angle = 109.5
        
        AX^3E: Triangular Pyramid, bond angle: <109.5
        
        AX^2E^2: Bent, bond angle < 109.5
  - - - 原子半徑小
        
        鍵能越大
      - 極性較大
    - - 單鍵、雙鍵、三鍵
    - - 原子半徑大
        
        鍵長越長
      - 鍵級低
  - - - 原子間電負度差異
    - - 各鍵偶極矩向量和不為0
- - - - 陰陽離子交錯形成離子晶體
      - 固態不導電，熔融態與水溶液能導電
      - 硬度大而脆，熔點高
  - - - 雙面心立方
      - 四面體
    - - 角落算1/8
      - 線上算1/4
      - 面上算1/2
      - 中心算1
- - - - polar-polar molecule
    - - nonpolar-polar molecule
    - - nonpolar-nonpolar molecule
      - Stronger when higher molar mass
      - Melting Point
        
        Higher when molecule more symmetric
      - Boiling Point
        
        Higher when larger suface area
  - - - Very strong dipole-dipole attraction force
      - Have properties for both ionic and covalent bonds
      - Higher Melting & Boiling Points
      - F, N, O(high EN difference) directly bonded to a H atom
    - - intermolecular
      - intramolecular