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Learning Theory - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theory
Constructivism:
Definition: Constructivism posits that learners actively construct their understanding of the world by integrating new knowledge with existing knowledge and experiences. Learning is seen as a process of meaning-making through interaction with the environment.
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Scaffolding: Providing support and guidance to learners as they engage in challenging tasks, gradually reducing assistance as they become more proficient.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The gap between what learners can do independently and what they can achieve with support.
Social Interaction: Collaborative learning environments facilitate knowledge construction through interaction with peers and experts.
Example: Group projects where students research a topic, discuss findings, and present their conclusions, integrating individual contributions into a collective understanding.
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The teacher acts as a facilitator who creates a rich learning environment, offers guidance, and encourages exploration.
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Learners are active constructors of knowledge who engage in authentic tasks and problem-solving activities.
They collaborate with peers, share perspectives, and negotiate meaning.
- Behaviorism:
Definition: Behaviorism is a theory that focuses on observable behaviors, suggesting that learning occurs through interactions with the environment. It emphasizes conditioning and reinforcement as key mechanisms for shaping behavior.
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Stimulus-Response (S-R) Associations: Learning is the result of stimulus-response associations, where certain stimuli evoke specific responses.
Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior, while negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus, both increasing the likelihood of the behavior recurring.
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They provide clear instructions, feedback, and reinforcement to guide learners.
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Learners are passive recipients of knowledge, absorbing information through environmental stimuli.
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Cognitivism:
Definition: Cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, problem-solving, and language acquisition. It views learning as a process of acquiring and organizing knowledge structures.
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Information Processing: Learning involves processing, storing, and retrieving information.
Schema Theory: New information is assimilated into existing mental frameworks (schemas) or accommodated by modifying existing schemas.
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The teacher designs learning experiences that promote active engagement, problem-solving, and critical thinking.
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They engage in activities that stimulate cognitive processes like analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Example: Teaching students how to solve math problems using various strategies, encouraging them to reflect on their problem-solving approaches.
Connectivism:
Definition: Connectivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the role of networks, connections, and technology in learning. It views knowledge as distributed across networks and emphasizes the importance of cultivating the skills to navigate these networks effectively.
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Networks: Learning occurs through connections between nodes, which can include people, resources, and technology.
Distributed Knowledge: Knowledge is not confined to individual minds but is distributed across networks and digital platforms.
Digital Literacy: Learners need to develop skills to filter, evaluate, and synthesize information from diverse sources.
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The teacher serves as a guide who helps learners navigate digital spaces, evaluate information, and make meaningful connections.
They curate resources, facilitate online discussions, and model effective digital literacy skills.
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Learners are networked individuals who actively participate in online communities, share resources, and collaborate with peers.
They take ownership of their learning by curating personal learning networks and adapting to new information environments.
Example: Participating in online forums or social media groups related to a particular interest or field of study, where learners share resources, engage in discussions, and learn from each other's experiences.