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BASIC ELECTRICITY. BY: Juan Collado and Alejandro Mosquera.,…
BASIC ELECTRICITY. BY: Juan Collado and Alejandro Mosquera.
ELECTRICITY.ELECRICAL ENERGY
Everything is made up of atoms and atoms are made up of differnet particles
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Electricity is a form of energy that lets electrons move from one atom to another
Electric current is the flow of electrons from one atom to another.
Elecical energy is the most common type of energy because.
Easy to obtain
Can be transported
Can be transformed into heat, light, sound or motion.
CONDUCTORSAND INSULATORS.STATIC ELECTRICITY
conductors
Let electricity flow through them (most metals).
insulators
Don´t let electricity flowthrough them (plastic, wood, cardboard).
Static Electricity: phenom caused by the accumulation of charge in a material.
The neutral balance of the atoms can be altered causing this type of energy.
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. COMPONENTS
An electric circuit is a series of interconnected components that an elecric current flows through.
CONTROL DEVICE
Device that regulate the circuit for example switches.
PUSH SWITCH
They open or close the circuit only when the button is pressed.
TWO-WAY SWITCH
They have two positions and they change the position when we press them.
ONE-WAY SWITCH
They open or close the circuit when they are pressed, dependig on the position they open or close the circuit.
CONDUCTOR
They transport the electrical energy they´re always wires.
WIRE
They let the current flow through them.
LOAD DEVICE
Transform the electrical energy into other types of useful energy such as lamps.
MOTOR
They convert the energy into kinetic energy.
BUZZER
They transform the energy into soud.
LAMP
They transform the energy into light.
RESISTOR
They transform the energy into heat.
POWER SOURCE
They supply the necessary electrical energy like batteries.
CELL.
They have a positive and negative terminal and they supply energy only if they are conected.
BATTERY
They are a grouped set of cells.
REPRESENTING CIRCUITS
We use a drawing called electrical schematic and each component has an specific drawing.
OPEN ,CLOSED AND SHORT CIRCUITS
It is open when the energyof the power cannot reach the load device.
It is closed when the energy flows and reaches the load devices.
Short circuits
The current is transported without passing throuqh the load device.
The electrons always choose the short path.
OHM,S LAW
To analyse electrical circuits, whe need todefine the variables.
Main variables are current voltage and resistance.
The Ohm´s law is an equation that relates the variables >
I=V/R
``The current is directly proportional to the electric potential difference impressed across its ends and inversely proportional to the total resistance offered by the external circuit.´´
There are other posible equations:V=R·I, R=V/I
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
Series circuits.
The components are connected one after one so the energy flows through all of them.
The same current flows through all the devices
If one device doesn´t works none will work-
The light will not be bright because the energy is divided into all the lamps or other devices.
Parallel circuits.
The devices are connected in differnet branches of the wire.
The current doesn´t flow equally through all the paths.
More electric current flows through the branch with the less resistance.
If one device stops working, the rest will still work
The lamps will shine very brightly
Series-parallel combination circuits.
They contain devices connected in parallel and in series.
SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS FORMULAS
Series circuits
Resistances:The equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of all the resistances in the circuit.
Voltages:The total voltage is the sum of the potential drops across each of the resistors
Currents:The current flowing through the resistors is equal to the current of the circuit.
Parallel circuits:
Resistances:The inverse of the resistance is equal to the sum of the inverses of the resistances in the circuit.
Currents:The current of the circuit is equal to the sum of the currents flowing across each of the resistors.
Voltages:The voltage delivered is the same as the potential drops across the resistors.
CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Heat: the contact of the electrons with the conductors or load devices produces heat(Joule effect).
Motion: when we let electric current flow through a motor its shafts turns in a rotatory motion.
Light: we use load devices such as lamps or fluorescent tubes.
Sound:we use electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can produce sound through sirens, buzzers...
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Environmental impact
Many power stations polute the atmosphere, water, etc. We can use renewable energies as a green alternative
Responsible use
When we save energy we save money and alsoresources and we help to protect the environment.here are some tips.
Use low energy bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs.
Replace old electrical appliances with more efficient ones.
Always switch off the electronic equipment.
Use certain domestic appliances only when they´re full.
