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GRAVITATION, Link Title - Coggle Diagram
GRAVITATION
UNIT AND MEASUREMENT
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FORCE:- SI UNIT: NEWTON,
1 NEWTON= 10⁵ dyne
WORK:- SI UNIT JOULE
1 JOULE= 10⁷ erg
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MOTION
Distance:- length of the actual path covered by a moving object. Scalar Quantity
Displacement:- Short distance covered by a body in a definite direction. Vector Quantity
Speed= Distance/Time
SI Unit:- m/s
Velocity= Displacement/time
SI Unit:- m/s
Acceleration= Change in velocity/ time
SI unit:- m/s²
Circular Motion:- an object describes a circular path its motion
Centripetal Motion:- When a body travels along a circular path, its velocity changes continuously, F= mv²/R
Newton's law of motion:-
1)Everybody maintains its Initial state of rest or state of motion, until an external force is applied on it
Momentum = Mass x Velocity. It is a vector quantity. Its Sl unit is kgm/s.
2)The rate of change in momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied force on the Body and
takes place in the direction of force. f= m×a
3) To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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WORK AND ENERGY
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PRINCIPAL OF ENERGY:-
•Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed
• Energy can only be transformed from one form to another
Power:- Rate of doing work
SI Unit:- Watt
Electric Power:- The rate at which electric energy is consumed by a electric circuit.
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SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
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OSCILLATORY MOTION - If a particle repeats its motion after a regular time interval about a fixed point
TIME PERIOD:- Unit is Hertz
SIMPLE PENDULUM :- It is point mass is suspended from a fixed Support with help of a inextensible string, the arrangement is called simple pendulum.
WAVE
Wave :-It is a disturbance which propagate energy from one place to the other without the transport of matter
• Velocity of wave= frequency×wave length.
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Amplitude:- The maximum displacement of the vibrating particle on either side from the equilibrium position
Wave Length (denoted by lamda):- Distance b/w any two nearest particle of medium, vibrating in the same phase.
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HEAT
HEAT:- It is that form of energy which flows body to another body due to difference in temperature b/w the bodies.
Unit:- Kcal or joule
TEMPERATURE:- decides the direction of flow of heat from one body ito other body.
TRANSMISSION OF HEAT:- The transfer of hest from one place to other place
SUBLIMATION :- Conversion of solid directly into vapour.
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CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Electric current:- • It is defined as the rate of flow of charge.
SI unit Ampere (A)
Resistance:- The opposition offered by a conductor the to the flow of current through it.
Ohm's Law:- electric current flowing in the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference accross its ends. V= RI
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Atomic Physics:-
All the protons and neutrons are present in the central core of atom called nucleus.
Electron revolve around the nucleus.
Cathode rays:- It is an electrode with a negative charge.
Anode rays:- It is an electrode with a positive charge.
Radioactivity:-. It is that sending out of harmful radiation is or particles, caused when atomic nuclei bes breakup spontaneously.
•Nuclear fission: When a bigger nucleus splits into too smaller nuclei of nearly equal mass.
• Nuclear Fusion: When two or more light nuclei combined together to form a heavier nucleus tremendous energy is released
LIGHT
•Light:- It is the form of energy which is propagated as electromagnetic waves
• LUMINOUS & NON- LUMINOUS BODIES
•Material Classification:- Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
• Reflection of light:- When a ray of light approaches a smooth polished surface and the light ray bounces back.
• Laws of Reflection
1) Incident Ray, Reflected Ray & the monal at the mindent point, all be in the same plane.
2) The angle of reflection = The angle of incidence
Plane Mirror: Image is virtual, laterally inverted
Concave Mirror:- These mirrors reflect light inward
Convex Mirror:- These mirrors reflect light outwards,
Refraction of light:- When a ray of light propagating in a medium enters the other medium, it deviates from its path.
Snell's Law:- n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2
Dispersion of light:- When a ray through a prism, it of white light passed it gets splitted into it's constituent Colours. This phenomenon is called dispersion of light.
• The coloured pattern obtained on screen after dispersion is called spectrum.
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GRAVITATION:- Every body attracts another body by force
Acceleration of gravity (g):- The acceleration produced in a body by gravity
Value:- 9.8 m/s²
Independent of shape , size & mass of body
Variation of 'g' :- •
• max. at poles & min. at centre
• It reduces due to rotation of Earth
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