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Approaches - Coggle Diagram
Approaches
Behaviourist approach
classical conditioning
- learning through association. Occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together
- Pavlov showed how dogs could learn to salivate to the sound of a bell.
- Before conditioning the bell was the neutral stimulus, the food the unconditioned stimulus and the dog salivating the unconditioned response. After conditioning the bell will become the conditioned stimulus and the dog salivating will be the conditioned response.
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Evaluation
strengths
- well controlled research, highly controlled lab settings e.g. skinner demonstrated clearly how reinforcement influenced animals behaviour.
- high scientific credibility + internal validity due to standardised procedures. falsifiable
- real world application of reinforcement
limitations
- determinism, ignores any free will
- ethical issues skinner box - animals were housed in poor conditions
- extrapolation of animal findings to humans
- simplistic- may be oversimplifying learning processes
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assumptions
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- Believes in nurture over nature
- Tabula rasa- everyone is born from a blank state
Introspection
introspection is the systematic experimental attempt to study the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts, images and sensations.
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Humanistic approach
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congruence
- for congruence you need to be
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