materials and sustainability

Materials

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Questions

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Keyterms

• material

• synthetic

• sustainability

• product life cycle

• raw materials

• disposal

• recycling

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Ways to reduce the environmental impact
of end-of-life disposal

Recycle paper, glass, metal and palstic products, as recying still involved the transportation,sorting,cleaning and re-making of a new object, as it also has a small negative impact on the enviroment

compost food waste: :the waste decomposes in the presence of oxygen from the air. Over time the materials break down to compost which can be used in your garden to supply useful nutrients to the soil

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Sustainability - using the resources we need to live now, w/o risking what those in the future will need

Pg.138

a.

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b.

Reusable polypropylene because it can be used over and over this also for a less CO2 per use

c.

Disadvantage it is bad for the environment and wastes and lot of energy

Advantage: I allows us to carry stuff in a bigger number

incineration i.e the burning of materials causes air pollution by emitting gases that contribute to climate change

D.

Disadvantage: they are bad for the environment and they break easily

1. Extraction of raw materials - Many of the materials used to make products are removed from the earth, e.g. metals, coal and oil. These raw materials are extracted by mining or drilling

Environmental impact of extraction

  • Mining can lead to soil and water pollution, which harms wildlife.
  • Extraction can leave the landscape damaged and unsafe, e.g. landslides
  • Many raw materials are non-renewable and will not be available for use by future generations once they are used up, e.g. oil + gas
  • • Extraction of renewable raw materials, such as wood and water, can destroy habitats.

many products end up in a landfill where waste disposal is carried out by burying the waste in large pits, these sites lead to soil,water and air pollution

Advantage: They are better for the environment then Polythene

e.

Ways to reduce the environmental impact
of extraction

  • Source materials that can be recycled and reused instead of extracting raw material from the earth.
  • If extraction by mining is necessary, take steps to limit the damage to the area being mined.
  • Protect natural habitats and replace any natural resources that are removed.

Polythene

f.

The Reusable because it requires the least amount of CO2 and energy

2. Manufacturing - During the manufacturing stage. the product is made in factories

Environmental impact of manufacturing

  • A lot of electrical and heat energy is required during the manufacturing process.
  • When fossil fuels are burned, harmful gases are released into the atmosphere, which contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming
  • Large amounts of other wastes can be produced, depending on the product

Pg. 139

a.

A rising population

Ways to reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing

  • Manufacturers should use recycled material as their raw material. This will cut down on the energy needed, as the material will have already been processed in some way.
  • Manufacturers should use sustainable supplies of energy, e.g. wind and solar energy

b.

3. Packaging & Distribution - once a product has been manufactured, it's packaged. It's then transported from the factory by air, water or land to where it will be sold

Environmental impact of packaging & distribution

  • A large amount of waste in landfill sites is plastic packaging.
  • The lorries, ships and airplanes carrying the products run on fossil fuels
  • These fuels are non-renewable, which means they unavailable for use in the future

Oil

c.

Ways to reduce the environmental impact of packaging & distribution

  • Reduce the amount of packaging on a product.
    • Use locally produced goods to reduce the distance the product has to travel during distribution.
    • Use biodegradable materials for packaging, e.g. cardboard
    • Shops can offer loose products that can be put into reusable packaging by the customer, e.g. fruit, vegetables and cereals.

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Environmental impact of product use

  • Petrol vehicles release nitrogen oxides that cause air pollution and acid rain
  • When synthetic fabrics are washed, microplastics are released into the ocean, which harms sea life

Ways to reduce the environmental impact of product use

  • Use products that are more environmentally friendly, e.g. electric vehicles, natural fabrics.
  • Reduce the number of products you buy by repairing or repurposing products where possible, e.g. replace the heating element in a broken kettle rather than throwing it out, or upcycle clothing
  • Use energy-efficient products and always check the energy label before buying an electrical product.

All Gas Stations will run out of business and all cars with run out of petrol causing there to be a huge demand for electric cars or other methods of transport causing the price to fly up and causing mass amounts of people without transport this can cause the collapse of countries and create anarchy

d.

Lack of transport

e.

Have a quota for gases electricty

Pg. 140

a.