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ELECTRICITY made by: Alberto and Álvaro - Coggle Diagram
ELECTRICITY made by: Alberto and Álvaro
Electrical energy: Electricity is a for of energy that lets negatively charged particles (electrons) move from one atom to other
The electric current is the flow of electorns from one atom to another inside a conductive material
conductors: Materals that do not let electric currents though them. for example: cooper, tin, aluminium, silver and iron
insultators: materials that don´t let electric current flow though them
What is static energy?
Static energy is a phenomenon caused by the accumulation of charge in a material. Electric current is related to moving charges, while static electricity is produced when charges are
What causes causes this phenomenon: Materials are composed of atoms with the neutral charge; in other words, they have the same number of protons and electrons but this blance can be altered when the material is rubbed
electric circuits:
An electric circuit is a series of interconnected componrents that an electric current flows through to produce an effect
control services
Devices that regulate theh circuit they allow or prevent the flow of the electric current through the circuit. The main types of control devices are one way swicthes
Load services
Components that recieve the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other types of useful energy
conductors
Components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices, the electric current flows though these components. The conductive componens of a circuit are the wires
Power sources
Components that supply the necesary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit n order to move the electrons. The generatords of a direct current in a circuit are cells and batteries
Representing circuits: electrical schematics
We represent electrical circuits with a very simple drawing called an electrical schematic. Every component in a circuit has a standardised symbol to represent it in a simple way that anybody can understand. The symbolic representations of each of the circuit components mentioned above are shown on the tables
Open circuits and closed circuits. Short circuits
A circuit is open when the energy of the power source cannot reach the load devices so the electric current cannot flow. This can happen if the switch is open, but it can also because of a fault in the circuit
A circuit is closed when the energy iof the power source reaches the load devices, so the electric current
In an electric circuit, a short circuit occurs when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing through a load device
types of circuits: Circuits can have different characteristics depending on how we arrange
Series circuits: In these circuits all the components are connected one after the other. This way, all current flows through all the load devices. There is only one possible path for the electric current to flow though
Relationship between the variables of the real circuit and equivalent circuit
currents
The current flowing through all the resistors in the circuit is the same and is equal to the current of the equivalent circuits. It=I1=I2=...=In
Resistances
The equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of all the resistances in the circuit Rt=R1+R2+...+Rn
votages
The total voltage delivered by the power source is the sum of the potential drops across each of the resistors Vt=V1+V2+...+Vn
Parallel circuits: In these circuits, the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire. There are several possible paths for the electric current to flow though
Relationship between the variables of the real circuit
Series-Parallel combination circuits: These circuits contains devices connected in series and in parallel
Main electric variables. Ohm´s law
when we analyse electrical circuits, we need to define a series of variables
Voltage: This is the diffference in the charge between two points, wich makes the electrons move. When we connect a cell to a circuit, there is a potential difference between the two end of the cell
Resistance: this is the opposition to the flow of the electric current It´s unit of mesaurement is the ohm. The components of a circuit that put up the most resistance are the load devices
Current. Ths is the intensity of the current or the amount of electrons flowing trough the conductor over a certain time. It´s unit of measurement is the ampere(A)
This equation is known as ohm´s law, which states:
The current in a circuitis directly proporcional to the electric potential difference impressed across its ends and inverserly proportional to the total resistance offered by the external circuit.
equations
Convert
light: We can convert electricity to light throught load devices such as incandescent lamps, Fluorescent tubes and electronic or low-energy lamps.
Motion: We can also convert electricity to motion using a motor. The effect obtained when we make an electric current flow through a motor is that its shaft turns in the rotary motion. This type of energy is used in washing machines and drills
Heat: When electrons move through a conductor or a load device, they create friction wth the material as they pass through, which produces heat. This effect is known as the Joule effect. We sometimes want this effect. Other times, we do not want heat so it is considered a loss of energy
Sound: We can we use electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can produce sound effects. The sound that comes out of a loudspeaker is produced by vibrations in a membrane that are caused by electrical energy.
energy and enviroment
Enviromental impact of energy production and transmission
Electrical energy is generated industrially in power stations, which convert a form of energy to electrical energy. Many power stations have an impact on our enviroment because they pollute the atmosphere, add to the greenhouse efect, pollute the water etc. Power lines also have an enviromental impact. The use of renewable energies is being promoted as a green alternative to conventional
Responsible use of electrical energy
When we save energy, we save money too but more importantly, we save natural resources and help to protect the enviroment. This is why we need to cosume responsibly and only use the energy we need and always in moderation
