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Exam 4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Allelic
        
        alleles of one type / total # of alleles
      - Genotypic
        
        geneotypes of one type / total # of individuals
      - Total alleles = 2x, genotype = x #
  - - - Microevolution
        
        Changes in a population’s gene pool from generation to generation
        
        Factors
        
        Mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, migration, nonrandom mating
      - Mutation
        
        AA change
        
        Polymorphism
        
        Multiple phenotypes
      - Genetic drift
        
        Random loss of alleles
      - Nonrandom mating
        
        "Choosing" mate
        
        Sexual selection
      - Gene flow
        
        Movement of alleles into and out of a population
      - Adaptive radiation
        
        Bottleneck from long distance dispersal
      - Natural selection
        
        One allele selectively advantageous
        
        Artificial selection
        
        Selection by humans
  - - - The net result of natural selection is a population that is better adapted to its environment and/or more successful at reproduction
      - Allele codes for protein that helps organism survive
- - - - Exponential growth (J)
        
        Unlimited resources
        
        dN/dt = rN
      - Logistic growth (S)
        
        Carrying capacity (K)
        
        Over shoot K --> dying off
        
        dN/dt = rn (1 - N/K)
      - Species
        
        r selected
        
        grow exponentially, weeds
        
        K selected
        
        fluctuate around carrying capacity, perennials
      - Strategies
        
        3 life stages
        
        C- competitors
        
        S- stress tolerators
        
        R- ruderals
  - - - Net reproductive rate (R0)
    - - Mean generation time (G)
    - - Intrinsic growth rate (r)
  - - - Facilitation (+/+): Benefits both
      - Commensalism (0/+): Benefits one, neutral to the other
      - Amensalism (0/-): Negative to one & neutral to other
      - Competition (-/-): Both are negatively impacted
      - Predation (+/-): herbivory/parasitism