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Theme 3: Language development. - Coggle Diagram
Theme 3: Language development.
The beginning of language.
Learning language involves acquiring various skills, including recognising and producing sounds, understanding word meanings, and forming grammatical sentences.
Language is a system of communication based on symbols such as letters or dots and dashes.
Before the first words.
Cooing: Typically begins around 1-2 months, characterised by vowel sounds and often occurs during caregiver interactions.
Babbling: Emerges around 6-10 months and consists of strings of consonant-vowel combinations, serving as foundational elements of speech.
Crying: Present from birth, it serves as a communication signal and can indicate distress or various needs.
Gestures: Around 8-12 months, infants start using gestures to communicate. These gestures supplement verbal communication and facilitate interaction.
Recognising language sounds.
Neurological development: This shift is attributed to brain connection refinement through blooming and pruning.
Bilingual babies: Research indicates that infants raised in bilingual environments adapt to both languages. By 10-12 months, they can distinguish sound changes in multiple languages.
Infants' language sensitivity: Initially, infants can discern sound changes universally, but by 6 months, they focus on sounds from their caregivers' language.
Word boundary detection: By 8 months, infants can identify word boundaries in speech, aiding language comprehension.
First words.
They typically understand about 50 words by 13 months but may not speak many until 18 months.
Receptive vocabulary vs. spoken vocabulary: Infants understand more words than they can speak.
First spoken words emerge around 10-15 months.
English-speaking kids' initial words often include names of important people, familiar objects, and actions within their environment.
Around 8-12 months, infants begin to comprehend words.
Vocabulary spurt: A rapid increase in word acquisition, typically starting around 18 months, with vocabulary expanding from 50-200 words.
Infants may sometimes overextend word meanings.
Telegraphic speech.
Early speech characterised by simplified language using only essential words to convey ideas.
Biological and environmental influences.
Biological influence:
Supported by brain regions like Broca's area (speech production) and Wernicke's area (language comprehension).
Kids tend to learn language in stages.
Language acquisition device: Proposed by Noam Chomsky, it's an innate system aiding language learning.
Environmental influences:
Kids mimic what they hear and are praised for meaningful speech.
Exposure to live language interaction is crucial.
Language develops through imitation and reinforcement.
Caregivers naturally employ techniques like child-directed speech, labelling and expanding on the kid's utterances.