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The Opium War - Coggle Diagram
The Opium War
Major events/timeline
November 1839: Chinese warships clash with British merchantmen, The First Opium War begins.
June 1840: 16 British warships and merchantmen bombarded Chinese forts and settlements, seized cities, fought Chinese forces and attempted negotiations.
1841: Chinese officials sign treaty of Nanjing at gunpoint, agreeing to extremely harsh conditions, but ending the war.
1839: 1600 Chinese dealers arrested, tens of thousands of opium pipes destroyed, required foreign traders to hand over opium, quarantined area of merchants when they refused.
6 weeks later: Merchants cave and Chinese seize over 20,000 chests of opium, Chinese also force Portuguese to kick unwilling British merchants out of Macao, forcing them to Hong Kong.
1836: The Emperor opens debate on how to handle epidemic. Lin Zexu, philosopher and politician, wins argument, saying that 'pushers' and sellers should be punished.
1879: Opium imports reaches peak, with 87000 chests imported. Imports decrease after.
1834: The British East India Company lose monopoly over opium; lowers selling price. Causing increasing ease of access to Chinese populace.
1914: Imports of opium end, with China producing more opium than it imports.
The British East India Company's Response: Hiring British and American traders to deliver opium to Chinese smugglers.
1850: The successor of the Emperor dismisses peaceful parties in favor of supporters of Lin Zexu. Compliance to the treaty falls short of western expectations.
Early 1800's: Chinese get addicted to opium, government bans importation, production, and ingestion of opium, with offenders threatened to be beat severely.
October 1856: Chinese capture British ship operated by a Chinese crew. France and Britain declares war, with the former's reason being the execution of a French missionary in China. And the latter's is the opportunity to open up China to more British trade.
1820's: Trade favors Britain, Chinese increasingly having to pay with silver.
1860: British and French soldiers land near Beijing and fought their way to the city, The Imperial Summer Palace, a location where Emperor traditionally handle the empire's matter, was looted and destroyed.
The emperor's brother negotiated the Convention of Beijing, which gave extra benefits to the British and French and left a weakened Qing Dynasty.
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1858: Western forces capture Guangzhou and Tientsin, China agreed to a series of demands, but refused to ratify any treaties, causing further hostility.
1757: Qing Emperor states that Guangzhou would be the only port open for foreign trade via licensed Chinese merchants.
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Cause of war
The First Opium War
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Consequences
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Five new ports to be opened for foreign traders, merchants and families can reside.
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