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Material Culture - Coggle Diagram
Material Culture
Pronomos Vase
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Useful
Crowded scene - 4 chorus members in tragic costumes, 4 chorus members in satyr, 3 musicians
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Depicts a god, hero, women from myth and famous musician
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Costumes show great decoration and intricate design - patterns, figures of people and animals
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Limitations
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Limited colour usage - red figures with some yellow doesn't show what costumes were like colour-wise
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Basel Dancers Vase
Depictions
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Identical costumes - military outfit, might be wearing masks with dramatised features
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Singing - mouths are open, indecipherable letters coming out their mouths
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Tragic chorus in action - have their arms raised up identically, and their feet moving in the same way
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Useful
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Singing, letters coming out of mouths
Importance of costume, elaborate military and diadem
The way they are portrayed seems to show them dancing and it gives us evidence that they did this and what it may have looked like
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Chorus members with same masks, costumes, dance moves in lines tells us how the chorus worked as equal, indistinguishable individuals all look the same
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Limitations
Static, no sense of the actual atmosphere as only one scene with one dance move and limited characters are shown
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Pentheus' Cup
Depictions
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Women - hair up, not foaming at the mouth
Pentheus' mother - historians often claim she is Agave as she stands out from the rest of the Bacchants dresses in animal skins
Pentheus' torso has already been ripped from his lower limbs, can see bone and internal organs protruding from what is left of his abdomen
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Useful
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Visualised source unlike the messenger speech in the Bacchae, seeing it visually brings it to life
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Limitations
No signs of the stage, no information about how it was performed
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Years older than Euripides play by 75 years, can't be a representation of the play, may not be Pentheus, Euripides may have just been inspired by this
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Oedipus Vase
Depictions
All characters involved in a play, background of pillars
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Jocasta in shock, Oedipus looks deep in thought stroking his beard
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Different costumes - Oedipus wears a trimmed toga proving his power, old messenger with staff and travellers' clothing and Jocasta is paler
Useful
Shows us all characters involved in play, gives us more insight into how characters interacted with one another
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Diff. costumes shows how diff. characters were displayed in tragedies, giving us insights into characters
In Sicily, not Greece, proving the influence these plays held and how they were seen from
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Limitations
No sense of atmosphere of play, only one scene and can't distinguish what line is being said
Limited colour usage - red figures with some yellow - doesn't show us what costumes were like colourwise
Parts of the play don't correlate with Sophocles' play such as his daughter but could be there for tragic reasons to show their innocence
Found in Sicily, may not be the same interpretation as the one in Greece
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Perseus Dance Vase
Depictions
Lines around his right wrist and feet mark the end of the body suit, stage-naked
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2 audience members shown - could be the to represent the whole audience, judges, Dionysus and Ariadne, sitting on elegant wooden chairs
Useful
The costume typically used to portray nudity as the lines around his wrists and feet mark the end of the suit which indicates human flesh
Front row chairs in a theatre, play being performed on stage
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Medea's Escape
Depictions
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Medea's two murdered sons are slumped on what seems to be the wheel platform decked out to look like an altar
To the right, the nurse is raising her hands in mourning, while their tutor does the same
Useful
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Medea in stock costume of foreigners and Jason naked gives insights into costume choice depending on character type
Furies surrounding her gives us view on their role from tartarus, and what justice they serve to people who harm family
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Medea on Helios' chariot is higher than others in the performance giving insight into how cranes were used
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Limitations
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Made 30yrs after Medea written by Euripides and doesn't follow exact story, so can't trust it to be alike to the story, might be another retelling, might be artist's own developed interpretation
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Telephus Vase
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Useful
The plays plot is based on lampooning the tragedies of Euripides, suggesting that his plays were also known in the region
Shows elements of a dramatic performance, gestures of actors, costumes of actors
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Shows the use of masks - female mask, male mask shaved to look like a woman
Recognisable scene, easy to interpret
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Shows the use of staging elements, sitting on an altar
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Limitations
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Only shows two actors, not the full actors or the chorus
No sense of atmosphere in the play, only one scene
Doesn't show elements of the theatre - no skene, orchestra
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Maenad Vase
Depictions
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Thyrsus, vines, wine in vases
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Useful
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Maenads have their hair down, wouldn't have been appropriate to other grreeks for their cult-likeness
Various symbols of Dionysus aer included, reminding us of his role in the world and what he is relevatnt to
Statue of Dionysus on a pole was possibly used during the parade in festivals such as the great Dionysia
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Limitations
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Pre dates the Bacchae, not useful in telling how this would be staged
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Cheiron Vase
Depictions
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Comic masks - grotesque, exaggerated to show age of characters, eyes shut because they are blind, continuity
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Comic costumes - centaur played by two actors, short, padded, phallus, walking stick
Useful
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Masks used to determine age, good insight into comic costume
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Birds Wine Jug
Depictions
Bird costumes include feathers, padded legs
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Useful
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Shows elements of a choral performance - dancing of chorus members, costumes of chorus members
Dancing accompanied by an aulos player as backing music - how music was used in comedies that dances were in unison
Shows common themes of greek comedy - dancers are dressed as birds, like Aristophanes' birds
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Limitations
Indistinguishable what play it is as it predates Aristophanes 'Birds', may not be a comedy, may be a scene from religious celebration
Only shows 2 dancers, not the full number
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Doesn't show any element of the theatre, no skene/stage
Limited colour usage - black figures with some yellow don't show us what costumes were actually like
Can't get a sense of the actual atmosphere of the whole play, static scene
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Choregoi Vase
Depictions
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Comedy costume - short, padded grotesque masks, phallus
Aegisthus is dressed as a tragic actor, with his ornate and stylised clothing, laced kothornoi and serious expressio
Tragic costume - dressed as a soldier or guard, wearing a helmet and spear
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Useful
The tragic actor has emerged from the skene, shows use for the door direct comparison between comic and tragic costumes
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Limititations
Chorus divided into older supporters of tragedy and younger people in support of comedy, was the chorus split in half
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Tragic Actors Dressing
Depictions
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Actor on the left is already in full costume, including his mask which is indicated by his gaping mouth
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Actor on the right puts on one of his high boots, while his life-like mask lies on the floor beside him
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Theatre of Dionysus
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Useful
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Intertwined areas of society (religion, business, entertainment)
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Front row with central seat for priest shows how societal hierarchy was maintained even at the theatre
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Altar for Dionysus, theatre was an act of worship to Dionysus
Date + Location
Ruins today reflect the later period in the theatres history, when Greece was under Roman control
Athens, above a sanctuary to Dionysus at the south-eastern foot of the Acropolis
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In use from the second half of the sixth century BC, the remains dated to after the fifth century
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Theatre at Thorikos
Useful
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Pieces of inscribed marble found recording names of sponsors and winners in dramatic competitions and the details of assignment of a choregia
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Regional theatre with a different layout, architectural evolution
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Depiction
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Orchestra is more rectangular, to replicate terrain around it
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Capacity estimated a little over 3000, large for a deme theatre
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Date + Location
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Thorikos, a deme on the south east
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