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Theory is a pancake™ image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - (This is the only one we have to care about)
- - - - You still have to do maths.
      - Work with qualities, attributes, feelings, that type of thing...
      - What does it look like?
        
        Accounts of people's experiences and perspectives
        
        Direct quotations
        
        Rich description
        
        Commitment to understand
        
        Grounded in obsservations
        
        Style of writing is less formal (active voice, personal pronouns are permissible).
        
        Examples of questions
        
        How do GPs prescribe antibiotics for sore throats?
    - - When your research question can't be answered in a positivist way. When you want the how and why. When the study context is appropriate, existing knowledge is lacking in the area, funding needs are kinda low? And other constraints.
    - - Naturalistic and contextual. High external validity. Naturally created environments.
      - Holistic. The whole person, not just individual parts... The headache "in context." The elephant... Put everyone's perspectives together? And put each person's many thoughts togehter?
      - Flexible, emergent and adaptive. You do not need to prepare your entire "map" all the time. If you are conducting a focus group, the discussion might go in a different way than you'd expect.
      - These allow us to explore the meaning and significance of human and social action.
      - In-depth. A small number of people, a great amount of depth to what you learn about their lives.
      - Subjective and interpretive.
      - Respectful.
  - - - Grounded theory
        
        Theory that is gathered from the data. Inductive. Theoretical sampling used. Collect and analyse data at the same time. In one study you may do four interviews, analyse them, do four more, anlayse them, etc. Look at disconfirming data too.
      - Pure phenomenology. Uncover the essential meaning of people's lived experience of the phenomenon.
        
        Noumenon: that which is perceived. The outside world, the thing itself. Phenomenon: That which appears in the mind. We never know the thing in itself.
        
        Method: describe their experience without reflecting on its meaning. Reduce the described experience to reveal the essence of its meaning. I need some proper example of this shit bc what. What ARE you?
      - Qualitative description. Just get people to describe stuff.
        
        Who did things? What happened? Where? (Kind of ignore the "why")
      - Interpretive description. Interpret the qualitative description. Informed questioning of key participants. Repeated cycles...
      - Hermeneutic phenomenology. Purpose: From the text, reveal the hidden, existential meaning of what it is to be. What's it like to be this or that?
        
        I'm biased, you're biased. Let's use them! Construct and grow an interpretation of what the texts mean. Draw on the perspectives and reflections of the researcher and participants.
      - Ethnography.
      - Discourse analysis = language in use.
        
        Microscopic = words in language.
        
        Macroscopic: Idk, the whole dictionary???
  - - - A circle in which the parts of a whole interonnect.
    - - Starbucks - standardised menu. Mcdonalds - menu adapts to local culture... Non-Māori doing Māori research = etic view.
    - - Avoid bias by being neutral and objective. Chance bias through awareness and motivation.
      - But also. Avoiding personal bias is impossible. Bias can be obscure or illuminate. Prejudice is a pre-judgement directing initial experience. Manage bias reflexively.
    - - How do we feel about what we've learnt? I guess. How might your biases change your view?