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Urinary System Case Map: Elderly patient with blood in her urine - Coggle…
Urinary System Case Map: Elderly patient with blood in her urine
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filtration- occurs in glomerulus
reabsorption- occurs in proximal tubule
secretion- occurs in multiple segments of the nephron
glomerular filtration rate: regulated by autoregulation, neural regulation, and hormonal regulation
Structure of kidney and nephron: responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, consists of glomerulus, Bowmans capsule, renal tubule, loop of hence, DCT, and collecting duct
renin to GFR, macula densa cells and hypertension: renin regulates GFR by controlling bp
Functions of urinary system: removal of wastes, filtration of blood, regulate electrolyte balance, regulation of blood pressure, and production of hormones
effects of the juxtamedullary nephron on the osmotic gradient: water regabsorption, countercurrent Mechanism, Reabsorption of Solutes
Anatomy of urinary system: consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Regulation of electrolyte balance with aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone: low blood pressure, low blood volume, and high plasma potassium levels
DM II and hypertension: can lead to diabetic nephropathy and hypertension can lead to renal failure
Upstream causses
Hypertension:
can damage the renal blood vessels, leading to renal ischemia, impaired filtration, which could lead to renal dysfunction
Diabetes Mellitus Type II:
can lead to diabetic nephropathy, damaging the glomeruli and tubules and end up affecting kidney function
Exs:
Exs:
-Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
-hyperglycemia-induced Glomerular Damage
-inflamation
Renal Artery Stenosis
Glomerular Hypertension
Salt Sensitivity
Downstream effects
effects of Diabetes Mellitus Type II on Kidneys:
Interaction between Diabetes Mellitus Type II and Hypertension:
-renal artery stenosis which reduces renal blood flow and triggers activation of the RAAS which can lead to renal damage and impaired function
-can lead to diabetic nephropathy, characterized by glomerular hypertrophy, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and overall leads to decline in kidney function
Effects of High Blood Pressure on Kidneys:
-contributes to renal damage
-both of these factors combined speed uo the process and speed up the process of renal dysfunction