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Historia del sionismo y de Israel - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Pittsburgh Platform is a pivotal 1885 document in the history of the American Reform Movement in Judaism that called for Jews to adopt a modern approach to the practice of their faith.
  - - - Mishkenot Sha'ananim
        
        ishkenot Sha'anim was built by British Jewish banker and philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore in 1860, after he acquired the land from the Governor of Jerusalem, Ahmad Agha Duzdar.
        
        On the night of 1 January 1873, Aaron Hershler was standing guard at the Montefiore Windmill, when a group of Arab Muslims from Silwan attempted to rob his family's home in Mishkenot Sha'ananim. Hershler took chase and was shot 12 times. He died in the hospital on 5 January and was buried on the Mount of Olives.[4] Seventy-five years after his death, Hershler was recognized by the Israel Defense Forces as the first "national martyr" in the Jewish-Arab conflict. He is one of approximately three dozen Jews killed during Ottoman-ruled Palestine, who are commemorated as part of Israeli's annual Yom Hazikaron memorial day.
- - - - In 1896, Theodor Herzl expressed in Der Judenstaat his views on "the restoration of the Jewish state".[132] Herzl considered antisemitism to be an eternal feature of all societies in which Jews lived as minorities, and that only a sovereignty could allow Jews to escape eternal persecution: "Let them give us sovereignty over a piece of the Earth's surface, just sufficient for the needs of our people, then we will do the rest!" he proclaimed exposing his plan.
  - - - While Jewish majority indifference or opposition to Zionism would continue until after revelation of the Holocaust in World War II,[6] some proponents point to several directions and streams of this early Jewish opposition. "Alongside the dynamic development of the Zionist movement, which generated waves of enthusiasm throughout the Jewish public, sharp criticism began to appear about Zionism, claiming that Zionism could not hope to resolve the Jewish problem and would only serve to harm the status of Jewish laborers and sabotage its own recognition as an independent class."[3][7] As a result of the vocal opposition by both the Orthodox and Reform community leadership, the Congress, which was originally planned in Munich, Germany, was transferred to Basel by Herzl
        
        BASEL PROGRAM
        
        Zionism seeks to establish a home in Palestine for the Jewish people, secured under public law.[16]
        
        To achieve this goal, the Congress envisages the following means:
        
        The expedient promotion of the settlement of Jewish agriculturists, artisans, and businessmen in Palestine.
        
        The organization and bringing together of all Jews through local and general events, according to the laws of the various countries.
        
        The strengthening of Jewish feeling and national consciousness.
        
        Preparatory steps for obtaining the governmental approval which is necessary to the achievement of the Zionist purpose.