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CHAPTER 2: Humid Tropical Environment - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2: Humid Tropical Environment
Climate and Weather
Climate VS Weather: Difference
Weather
Condition of Air/Atmosphere on Our Planet
Not the same across areas
Examples / Types
Sunny
Rainy
Snowy
Cool
Cloudy
Hot
Cold
Elements
Precipitation
Rain
Snow
Sleet
Hail
Wind
Thunderstorm
Constantly changing
day-by-day conditions
Solar Radiation Effects
Temperature
Latitudes
Nearer to Equator (Between Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn)
Overhead Sun's Rays hit Earth at 90*
Sun's Rays pass through smaller layer of atmosphere
Sun's Rays are concentrated over a smaller surface area when they hit Earth's surface due to Earth's curvature
The Earth's Surface receives and gains more heat, heating the air above more
The atmosphere absorbs less heat, since the volume of it in contact with the Sun's rays is less
Temperatures are thus higher
Further from Equator
Sun's Rays hit Earth at less than 90*
Since area is slanted, Sun's rays pass through bigger atmospheric layer
Sun's Rays are concentrated over a larger surface area when they hit Earth's surface
The Earth's Surface Area receives and gains less heat, heating the air above less
The atmosphere absorbs more heat, since the volume of it in contact with the Sun's rays is more
Temperature is thus lower
Altitude
Lower Altitude
Larger area of ground absorbs more heat that is then emitted into the air, and the air absorbs more heat, thus warmer temperatures
Denser air at the lower altitudes absorbs more heat due to stronger gravitational pull, thus warmer temperatures
Higher Altitude
Smaller area of ground absorbs less heat, that is then emitted into the air, and the air absorbs less heat, thus cooler temperatures
Less dense air at higher altitudes absorbs less heat due to stronger gravitational pull, thus cooler temperatures
Solar Radiation from SUN
Shortwave Radiation
Solar Radiation from SUN reflected by ground, emitted into the air
Longwave Radiation
Cloud Coverage
Cooling Effect
Clouds at lower altitudes, the puffier, thicker, larger ones, reflect more heat from the Sun away from Earth, resulting in the Earth gaining less heat and thus cooler temperatures
Warming Effect
Clouds at higher altitudes, the thinner, wispier clouds, trap more heat from the Sun, and don't reflect it away, thus higher temperatures
Thick, puffy, large clouds at lower altitudes can trap heat and have warming effect too
Distance from Sea
Maritime Effect
Effect OCEANS have on Coastal Areas, causing Coastal Areas to be cooler
Summer
Air above Sea is cooler than Air over Land
The Land heats up quicker than the Sea
The cooler air over the Sea helps decrease the temperature of air over the Land
Winter
The Sea cools more slowly than the Land
The warmer air over the Sea increases the temperature over the Land
Air above Sea is warmer than Air over Land
Continental Effect
Effect Continental Surfaces have on Climate of Inland Areas, causing higher temperatures in Summer, and lower temperatures in the Winter
Inland areas are further away from the Sea, thus they are not influenced by the Sea
Inland areas experience Warmer Summers & Cooler Winters than Coastal Areas
Skills: Examination*
Spatial Distribution
Answer Format
Question: Describe the
Spatial Distribution
of the Tropical Zone.
General Pattern / Trend
The tropical zone is located along the Equator
Specific Examples (Evidence / Elaboration)
Within the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
Continents /Regions
Continents within the Tropical Zones are North / South America, Central Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Northern part of Australia.
Countries
Countries like Brazil, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia can be found in this zone.
Reading and Interpreting Climographs
Precipitation
Bar Graph
High
Consistent
Temperature
Line Graph
High
Constant / Consistent Temperatures throughout year
Characteristics of a Climograph of a Humid Tropical Environment
Answer Format
Temperature
Pattern
The distribution of temperatures in
<<_Place_>>
is
<<Consistent / Fluctuating>>
throughout the year.
Mean Annual Temperature
The mean annual temperature of
<<_Place_>>
is
<<_high/moderate/low_>>
at
<<_temperature_>>
.
High
Above 20*C.
Moderate
Between 10
C to 20
C
Low
Below 10*C.
Mean Annual Temperature = Sum of Monthly Temperatures / 12
Temperature Range
The temperature range is
<<_Very large/large/moderate/low_>>
at
<<_temperature>>
.
Very large
Above 30*C
Large
15 to 30 *C
Moderate
5 to 15*C
Small
Below 5*C
Highest / Lowest Temperature
The highest temperature is
<<_temperature_>>
in
<<_month_>>
and the lowest temperature is
<<_temperature_>>
in
<<_month_>>
.
Precipitation
Pattern
The distribution of precipitation in <<_place_>> is <<_category_>>.
Categories
Well - distributed
Abundant precipitation for each month
Evenly - distributed
Even, precipitation spread out over all months
Seasonal
V / U shaped bars
1 more item...
Distinct Wet & Dry Seasons
Periods of time with no rain / a lot of rain
Low distribution
Very little distribution of precipitation
Total Annual Precipitation
The total annual precipitation is <<_high_>> at <<_Calculation_>>.
High
Above 1500 mm
Moderate
500 mm to 1500 mm
Low
250 mm to 500 mm
Very Low
Below 250 mm
Highest / Lowest Precipitation
The highest precipitation is
<<_no._>>
in
<<_month_>>
and the lowest precipitation is
<<_no._>>
in
<<_month_>>
.