Elyssa Sandoval Period. 2 Endocrine System
Major functions of the endocrine system
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each
category
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, derived from cholesterol, and can pass through cell membranes to act on receptors inside the cell.
Non-steroid hormones, on the other hand, are not lipid-soluble and bind to receptors on the cell membrane, triggering a response without entering the cell.
Non-steroid hormones include proteins, peptides, and amino acids
Glucagon
Insulin
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Steroid hormones include sex steroids, corticosteroids, and anabolic steroids, involved in sexual characteristics, inflammation, immune functions, and homeostasis.
Estradiol
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Homeostasis is regulated by negative feedback loops and, much less frequently, by positive feedback loops.
positive feedback loops intensify the response until an end point is reached.
negative feedback loops work to prevent an excessive response to the stimulus.
Diabetes
Thyroid disorders
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Osteoporosis
Addison’s Disease
Cushing’s Syndrome
Graves’ Disease
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
The main function of your endocrine system is to release hormones into your blood while continuously monitoring the levels.
Metabolism and energy level control/ Reproduction Growth and development/ Response to injury, stress, and mood/ Blood pressure regulation /Appetite and sleep cycle
Head
Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles.
Pineal gland: Produces melatonin, which affects sleep patterns.
Neck
Pituitary gland: Produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands.
Thyroid gland: Regulates metabolism, energy, and growth.
Parathyroid glands: Regulate calcium levels in the blood.
Abdomen
Pancreas: Produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.
Adrenal glands: Produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and stress responses.
Pelvis
Testes (male): Produce testosterone and sperm.
Ovaries (female): Produce estrogen, progesterone, and eggs.