Commandments - 10 and 613- God gave the 10 commandments to Moses on the two tablets of stone at Mount Sinai; 613 Jewish commandments extracted from the Old Testament
Garden of Eden- Earthy paradise inhabited by the first created man and woman, Adam and Eve, prior to their expulsion for disobeying the commandments of God
Eve- First women who embodies the qualities of all women; Sinned in the Garden of Eden; Married to Adam
Adam- The first human being aware of God; Sinned in the Garden of Eden; Married to Eve
Rules to follow
Maimonides 13 Principles- Asserts that anyone who believes that God is corporeal is heroic
Orthodox- Collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism
Branches of Judiasm
Conservative- Form of traditional Judaism that falls halfway between Orthodox Judaism and Reform Judaism
Reform- A major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism
Important People
Noah- One of the founding fathers of Judaism; Patriarchs in the Jewish scriptures
Abram (ham)- The first Hebrew patriarch
Sarah- Wife of Abraham; Mother of the Hebrew people
Hagar- Egyptian slave; handmaiden of Sarah
Ishmael- First son of Abraham; Common patriarch of the Abrahamic religions
Covenant- A promise that God made with Abraham; Stated that God would offer protection and land to Abraham
Isaac- “One who rejoices”; One of the three biblical patriarchs
Job- A good man who is beset with disasters in order to rest his faith in God
Tree of knowledge of good and evil- The beginning of the mixture of good and evil together
Serpent- Represents temptation, the devil, and deceit
Pharisees- Member of a Jewish religious party that flourished in Palestine during the latter part of the Second Temple period; Follows the laws closely
Political groups
Sadduccees- Party of high priests, aristocratic families, and merchants
Zealots- Aggressive political party whose concern for the national and religious life of the Jewish people led them to despise even Jews who sought peace and conciliation with the Roman authorities
Essenes- Observed the Law of Moses, the sabbath, and ritual purity
Early Prophetic Tradition- A reading or understanding of Judaism that emphasis the commitment to justice
Apocalyptic Prophetic tradition- A genre of prophetic writing that developed in post-exilic Jewish culture
Messiah- Someone who was chosen to rule; Jews believe that the Messiah will come to Earth to bring a time of peace
Temple Destruction- The destruction of the temple means the destruction of Judaism; It is believed that when the Messiah comes, he will rebuild the temple
Expulsion- Act of forcing Jewish people to leave a country to region
