Yahir Reyes Barajas p.2 Endocrine system
Major functions of the endocrine system
Maintain homeostasis in body for things like water and calcium conservation ect
sends Chemical messenger via blood to targeted cell
Major endocrine glands/organs and function
Pituitary (anterior)
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prolactin: milk production in females after birth
Growth hormone: makes cells grow and multiply
LH: causes ovulation in females and causes production in males
FSH: matures female sex cell
TSH; hormone that stimulates the hormone production of the thyroid
ACTH: controls secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex
pituitary (posterior)
ADH: conserves water via kidneys and high levels constrict blood vessles
OT: contracts uterus during child birth, moves milk to feeding point
Thyroid gland
T3 And T4: plays a major role in basla metabolic rate, regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins
parathyroid gland
PTH: helps conserve/absorbed calcium to keep in body
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Adrenal glands
Adrenal medula:Produces epenefrine and norepinephrine which act as the flight-fight responses
Adrenal cortex:
Aldosterone: regulates how much water is excreted from kidneys
Cortisal: inhibits protein sysnesis, promotes fatty acids releas which decreases use of glucose,causes liver to produce glucose from noncarbohydrates
Pancreas
Glucagon: increseas glucose level in blood and stimulates break down of glycogen
Insuline: decreases glucoses levels in blood, stimulates liver to form glycogen
Penal gland
Produces meletonin for sleep and circadian rythem
Testies: produce testosterone which makes up male characteristics
Ovarys: Produce estrogen and progesterone that play a role in female characteristics and keep the endometrium up
Steroid and non steroid:
Steroid hormones can pass though the cell membrane and reach receptors on the inside of the
NON steriod hormones reach receptors on the outside of the cell
Estrogen testosterone progesterone cortisol aldosterone thyroxine
insuline glucagon epenefrine norepinefrine PHT OT ADH ACTH TSH LH GH prolactine meletonine
regulates metabolism and metabolic rate
Homeostatic mechanisms
Insuline and glucagon
blood glucose level is too hight: insuline is secreted to regulate blood glucose levels by defusing glucose
blood glucose level is too low so pancreas secretes glucagon to rise glucose levels by stimulating glycogen break down which eaquils more glucose
parathyroid hormone PTH
plays a major role in blood calcium levels by increseing calcium levels from bone and conserved calcium from kidneys
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Diseases associated with Endocrine system
growth hormone (Gh)
pituitary dwarfism: low growth hormone in childhood
gigantism: Growth hormone very hight in childhood
Acromegaly: Growth hormone high in adulthood
Thyroid hormones (T3, T4)
hypothyroidism: under activity of thuroid causing low metabolic rate and fatigue/weight gain
hyperthyroidism: over activity of thyroid causing high metabolic rate and restlessnes
parathyroid hormone
hyperparaythyroidism: excessive PTH causing high calcium levels, causes could be tumor
hypoparathyroidism: too little PHT causing low calcium in blood, cause could be injury or surgry
adrenal hormones
Addison's deseas: hyposecretion of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoids
Cushing syndrome: hypersecretion of adrenal cortical hormones
pancreas
type 1 diabetes:a autoimmune disorder were body cant produce insuline due to damage of beta cells
type 2 diabetes: body can produce insuline but body cells do not recognize insuline therefore cells cant use insuline