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Immune System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - When WBCs are exposed to foreign substances in the body, they release chemicals called pyrogens which trigger the hypothalamus to raise body temperature
    - - Inflammation begins with the release of Histamine
    - - Interferons: released by cells infected with the virus; triggers nearby cells to make a protein that helps them to resist viral infection
      - Complement Proteins: a group of proteins that circulate in the blood and become active when they encounter pathogens, killing them by puncturing their cell membranes
- - - - Macrophages/Phagocytes: engulf the pathogen and travel down the lymph nodes to activate the Helper T-Cells
        
        Helper T-Cells: clone themselves and release chemicals called cytokines
        
        Cytokines: activate Cytotoxic T-cells in a Cell-Mediated Immune Response and activate B Cells & Memory Cells in a Humoral Immune Response
        
        Cytotoxic T-Cells: travel to the site of infection and destroy infected cells by using perforins to pop the cell membrane
        
        B-Cells: produce antibodies that match the antigens of the *pathogen
        
        Sometimes these B-Cells become antibody-producing Memory Cells which last a long time and provide immunity (the ability to resist an infection) from the pathogen
        
        Antibodies: bind to the pathogen's antigens (like 2 matching puzzle pieces), blocking the pathogen from infecting more host cells
        
        Phagocytosis/Endocytosis: the process by which a phagocyte surrounds and destroys foreign substances and removes dead cells
      - Lymphocytes: WBCs that carry out the adaptive immune response
      - Humoral Immune Response: destroys pathogens & prevents future infection (B-Cells & Memory Cells)
      - Cell-Mediated Immune Response: deal with infected cells and destroy pathogen (T-Cells)