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CHAPTER 1: What is Geography? - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 1: What is Geography?
Physical Geography
Physical Environment
Atmosphere
Made up of
A layer of gases
Tiny gas particles that surround Earth
Condition of Atmosphere
Weather
Temperature (*C)
Humidity
Amount of Water Vapour in the Air
Layers of Atmosphere
Troposphere
Lowest Layer
Most clouds/weather elements occur here
Stratosphere
Temperature remains constant as height increases
Mesosphere
Temperature decreases as height increases
Thermosphere
Temperature increases sharply in lower part, and holds as height increases
Exosphere
Outermost Layer
Hydrosphere
Refers to all water found on
Earth
In the atmosphere
Found in all 3 states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Hydrological / Water Cycle enables water to move between the Earth, atmosphere and lithosphere/geosphere.
Seas
Oceans
Rivers
Lakes
Lithosphere / Geosphere
Solid layer of rock that forms the Earth's surface
Few hundred
KM
in thickness
Mountains
Valleys
Created by movements in Lithosphere/Geosphere
Mountains
Rock
Soil
Volcanoes
Canyons
Seabed
Sand
Beaches
Geo = Ground
Biosphere
All living things on Earth
Plants
Animals
Life on
Land
Sea
Dependent on other components in Physical Environment (Interactions/Adaptations)
Deserts
Grasslands
Savannahs
Rainforests
Wetlands
Made up of different biomes
Biomes are regions with similar living things / environmental characteristics
Human Geography
The study of Human Life in Built Environments
Housing
Structures / buildings built by people to shelter themselves from natural elements
May be temporary / permanent
Transport Systems
Equipment / Infrastructure / Networks
Supports the Shipping / Movement of People or Items or Goods from 1 location to another
Aeroplanes
Rail System
Ships
Vehicles on Expressways / Roads
To be studied more in Year 2
*
Geographical Concepts / Inquiry / Investigation
4 Geographical Concepts
Space
A physical area on Earth's surface
Location is an idea that is closely related to space
Location can be expressed with a set of coordinates
Latitude
Longitude
Locations of important individual geographical features like roads / mountains
Spatial Pattern
Environment
Refers to Physical / Built Environments and Processes that occur naturally or result from human's actions
Geographers study interactions between human and the environment types
Place
Refers to an area on Earth that holds a special meaning for people
Scale
Map
Relationship between Distance on a Map and Actual Distance on Ground
Represented like a ratio
Time
Period of time during which something happens
Geographers need to consider time scale as processes and changes in environments that occur at various time scales.
Geographic
Spatial Extent of Something
Local
National
Regional
Global
Important ideas Geographers make use of to understand the world
Geographical Inquiry
Phenomenon
HOW
Does it occur?
Does it change over time?
Can it be managed?
WHO
Is being affected by it?
Is trying to manage it?
WHAT
Issues could it cause?
Should people do about it?
Is it?
WHY
Does it affect people?
Does it affect the environment?
Does it occur?
WHEN
Does it occur?
Does it cause issues?
WHERE
Does it occur?
Is it causing issues?
Is it found?
Geographical Investigation
Frame the Geographical Investigation
Collect data
Analyse data
Present data
Draw conclusions
Reflect on conclusions
Take action
Graphs
Line
Bar
Table
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Controlled Variable
Hypothesis
Aim / Main Question
Maps: Parts of The World
What is A Map
Different Types of Maps
Physical
Mountains
Rivers
Natural Landforms
Economic
Activities that generate income
Power generation
Manufacture
Processing
Forming
Political
Boundaries of Countries
Topographic
Contour Lines
Show height of map
Road / Directions
Climate
Drawing of the World
Representation
Looks similar to
Thematic Maps
Population Density
Number of Mobile Phones?
Parts of a Map
Title
MAP OF SINGAPORE?
Latitude
Horizontal Lines
East to West
Components of Map ( Mercator Map)
Tropic of Cancer
23.5 * N
Bahamas
to
Taiwan
Tropic of Capricorn
23.5 * S
Sao Paulo
to
Madagascar
to
Central Australia
Equator
0 *
Macapa, Brazil
to
North Maluku / Manado, Indonesia
1 more item...
Longitude
Vertical Lines
North to South
Prime Meridian
UK
to
Algeria
to
Ghana
to
Antarctica
Parts of the World
Continents
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia & Oceania
Antarctica
Oceans
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Northern Arctic
Southern Antarctic
ASEAN Countries
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Thailand
Phillipines
Singapore
Vietnam