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CRIMINAL LIABILITY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Examples: Stealing money (act), failing to help a drowning person when you have a legal duty (omission).
    - - Mental state of the defendant at the time of the crime. Different crimes require varying levels of mens rea, such as intent, knowledge, recklessness, or negligence.
  - - - Children below a certain age (varies by jurisdiction) are presumed to lack the mental capacity for criminal intent.
    - - Mental illness that prevents understanding the act's nature or wrongfulness can negate criminal liability.
    - - A genuine mistake about the facts of the situation can sometimes be a defense.
  - - - Can include imprisonment, fines, probation, community service, and restitution to the victim.
    - - A conviction can have long-lasting consequences, impacting employment, housing, and other aspects of life.
- - - - Mental illness that prevents understanding the act's nature or wrongfulness.
    - - Unconscious actions due to a medical condition (e.g., seizure).
- - - - A dog owner can be held strictly liable for injuries caused by their dog, regardless of prior behavior.
    - - Manufacturers can be held strictly liable for injuries caused by defective products.
    - - Activities like storing hazardous materials can incur strict liability for any resulting damages.
- - - - The defendant deliberately aimed to cause the specific outcome
    - - The defendant was aware that their actions or omissions would almost certainly result in the consequence.
    - - The defendant consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk.
    - - The defendant failed to use the level of care that a reasonable person would have used in the situation.
- - - - Certain laws create a specific duty to act, like a parent caring for their child.
    - - A special relationship between people can create a duty, like a lifeguard and a swimmer.
    - - If you take responsibility for someone's safety, you might have a duty to act, like watching a friend who is intoxicated.
    - - If your actions create a dangerous situation, you may have a duty to fix it or prevent harm.