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Elizabeth and Religion - Coggle Diagram
Elizabeth and Religion
Puritan threat
- puritans were first described this way during the vestment controversy
- by 1570s, meant the Protestants that refused to use many of the practise in the prayer book
- radical branch was the Presbyterians which failed to have a permanent impact on the Elizabethan church
The vesterian controversy
- may 1565
- Thomas Sampson deprived of his position as he refused to wear the surplice
- puritan aim was to put an end to the vestments
- Matthew Parker agreed! In his advestirsments that a surplice with long sleeves was the only essential vestment to be worn
- some clergy refused to conform
- 1566 37 London preachers lost their jobs
- puritans appealed to Henry bullinger in Zurich for his support, he said to remain indifferent
- he felt that disunity among the puritans would encourage the catholics
- some set up underground churches
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Catholic threat
Mild threat
- Some church papists read the Latin Missal
- some went to Europe where they conducted a propaganda war against Protestantism
- Mary Stuart (later Bloody Mary) was hostile to the new church but her role was passive
- when she was put into captivity
- Was there support for Mary?
- in 1559 she was queen of Scotland
- the french eager to promote her claim to rule
- french controlled England worried Phillip II
- when Francis died in 1560 Mary was no longer queen of France, her mother in Scotland also died,
- treaty of Edinburgh removed french troops from Scotland
- August 1562 she retuned to Scotland after agreeing to recognise the Protestant church there
- For Elizabeth, as long as Mary stayed in Scotland the catholic threat would diminish
- Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart)
- Mary had escaped lochleven castle
- Bad for Elizabeth as MQS had a claim to the throne
- parliament made clear Elizabeth needed to execute her
- Elizabeth knew that her courtiers would strive for Mary’s favour just in case she became queen
plots and serious events
1569 rising of the Northern earls
- catholic earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland led the rising in the North
- breif restoration of the mass in Durham
- put Mary as a claimant to the throne
- Mary instantly moved further south so the rebels couldnt rescue her
- rebellion defeated by royal army, heavy retribution fell
- Pope Pius Bull
- issued the Regnans in Excelsi
- excommunicating and deposing Elizabeth
- catholics absolved from obligation to regcognise Elizabeth as queen
- 1571 Ridolfi plot
florentine Banker ridolfi plotted with Spanish ambassador
- to put Mary who would be married to the Duke of Norfolk on the throne
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- 1572 Massacre of St Bartholomew
- It convinced many Protestants that there was a European wide catholic conspiracy to exterminate Protestantism, Marys french relations were heavily involved
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1583 Throckmorton Plot
- plotted with the Spanish ambassador to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary
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1586 Babington plot
- Anthony babington plotted to kill Elizabeth and make England catholic with the help of Spanish troops in the Netherlands
The external threat
- Catholicism was a threat because of its connections
- the pope had considerable power
- catholics within England could not overthrow Elizabeth on their own
- they belived there were many catholics in England who would respond to a Spanish invasion on behalf of Mary
- Phillip would not invade unitl there had been a substantial show of catholic sympathy in England
- seminary priests
- William Allen
- set up his seminary in Douai and attracted talented catholics
- training of preists essnatial for Catholicism to survive
- 1574 first preists arrived in England
- few in number but successful
- Cuthbert maybe executed for treason
- Act passed in 1571 making possessing papal bull treasonable
- The Jesuits
- emerged in the 1580s
- body most likely to subvert and restore Catholicism
- 1581 act: to retain the queens majesty’s subjects in their due obedience where recusancy fines increased to £20 per month
- treason to recognise the authority of Rome or convert people
- to be accused priests were asked the bloody questions, designed to trap them
- act of 1584 against jesuits, seminary priests made it treasonable to be ordained a catholic priest in England
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The religious settlement
The Church of England in 1589
- by 1589 it had become more stable
- artefacts needed for catholic worship had been sold off
- church court records show thar attendance at church was improving
- catholic festivals had disappeared from the calendar
- all she wanted was outward conformity
- pluralism had not died out
- the income in many parishes was insufficient to maintain a priest especially if he had a family
The act of exchange
- didn’t appoint new bishops until she enacted the act of exchange to enrich herself with church land at the expense of the bishops
- when a bishopric was vacant the revenues came to her
what were the religious settlement acts
- Act of Supremacy
- Act of Uniformity