Mood Disorders: Depression
Etiology
Different Anti-depressants
Adverse Reactions of Dental significance
Biologic factors: low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain
Social factors: related to specific external life events
Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Psychological factors: related to specific external life events
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
Other Antidepressants
Mechanism of action: inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT
First line therapy for major depression treatment
Medications: Amitriptyline, Desipramine (Norpramin), imipramine (Tofranil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
SSRI's/ SNRI's - xerostomia, glossitis, nausea
MAOIs
Tricyclic Antidepressants xerostomia, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension
Bupropion, generic
Bupropion, extended release 12 hr (Wellbutrin)
Bupropion, extended release 24hr, generic
Bupropion, extended release 24hr, (Wellbutrin XL)
Mechanism of action: block enzyme called monoamine
oxidase
Bupropion, extended release 24hr, (Forfivo XL)
Many adverse effects: sleep disturbances, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain
Nefazadone
Mechanisms of action: block the reuptake of both serotonin and NE to varying degrees
Medications: Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine
Adverse reactions:xerostomia, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
Trazodone
Mirtazapine (remeron)
MAOI's orthostatic hypotension
Vilazodone (viibryd)
Vortioxetine (Trintellix)
Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Other Antidepressants nausea, vomiting, tremors, agitation, dizziness
First-line therapy for depression treatment
Mechanism of action: inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Medications: Levomilnacipran (fetzima), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Venlafaxine, extended release (EffexorXR), Desvenlafaxine ( Pristiq), Venlafaxine
Medications: Proxetine (paxil), Fluovaxamine (luvox), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Citalopram (celexa), Duloxetine (cymbalta), fluoxetine (prozac), sertraline (zoloft)
Well tolerated, safe and effective