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Chapter 3: EXPLORING DIVERSITY OF MATTER BY ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION -…
Chapter 3: EXPLORING DIVERSITY OF MATTER BY ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Elements
Matter id anything that has mass and takes us space
All matter in the universe is made up of elements
An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken into simpler substances chemical methods
Elements are thus the simplest kind of matter
Chemical Symbols
Each elements is given a chemical symbols
A chemical substance is a shortened form for the name of the element
It takes one or two letters from the name of the element it represents
An element has only one chemical symbol
Every element is given a chemical name and a chemical symbol
E.g. for Helium, the chemical symbol is He.
-Chemical symbol takes one or two letters from the name of the element
--For two-letter symbols, they may not always be the first two letters of the name of the element
-First letter is always uppercase and the letter that follows is in lower case
The chemical names and chemical symbols of all elements can be easily found in the Periodic Table
The elements are arranged in columns and row
-Vertical columns are known as groups eg: Group 1,2,.....13,14,15,16,17,18 and
-Horizontal rows are known as periods
1) Hydrogen: H
2) Calcium: Ca
3)Zinc: Zn
4)Iron: Fe
5)Silver: Ag
6) Gold: Au
Elements can also be classified by their states and as metals or non-metals
Classifying Elements as Metal or Non-metals
Classifying Elements by states
A simple way to classify elements is to observe their physical states at room temperature
Example- Water can be separated into its constituents- hydrogen and oxygen. However, hydrogen and oxygen cannot be separated into simpler substances. Hence, oxygen and hydrogen are elements