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Human welfare & Development - Coggle Diagram
Human welfare & Development
Impacts of uneven development
Italy (HIC)
Due to the high altitude in Southern Italy, roads there are frequently winding and have many bends. Trade takes longer as a result of the lengthened highways. Large cargo trucks frequently find the routes to be impassable. Due to this, trading with Southern Italy is now complicated and costly, making it impossible for businesses to ship their goods from Italy to the rest of Europe.
Building atop steep-sided mountains is challenging. Settlements will so be substantially smaller.
Using huge machines will make farming challenging.
There are a lot of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in the region. This implies that harm to infrastructure is possible. This will slow down the development rate of southern Italy, which will have an impact on it. This is due to the fact that the need to fund infrastructure and healthcare renewal increases with the frequency of natural disasters.
Italy (HIC)With a dry and hot summer, most of southern Italy experiences mild weather. There are regions of the Arid Steppe as well. These won't be the best circumstances for farming because crops won't grow in too much dry soil.Italy's industrial triangle is situated in its north. The residents of the north will be able to obtain excellent occupations as a result of this.
Young people in the south may be more likely than those in the major cities to obtain low-skilled employment. This suggests that the Italians in the south may not be as wealthy as those in the north.The North is renowned for its richness, with a thriving industrial sector, trade, and tourism infrastructure.
Living standards and income in Milan, the wealthiest city in Italy, are nearly twice as high as in the south.
Outside - South, Core - North
The North is more developed than the South, which explains this. For instance, the North has a 33% unemployment rate, whereas the South has a 60% rate.
Nigeria (rural to urban divide - MIC)
Social Cohesion and Cultural Loss: Migration upends established community structures and cultural links; additionally, urbanisation may result in the loss of indigenous knowledge and cultural traditions.
Food insecurity: Limited market access and environmental issues contribute to food insecurity in rural areas. High pricing and distribution problems can also cause food insecurity in urban areas.
Pressure on Urban Infrastructure: Overcrowding and insufficient urban services are caused by the influx of rural migrants. Cities find it difficult to keep up with the demands of growing urbanisation.
Economic Disparities: Urban areas have stronger economic prospects, which exacerbates rural poverty; rural areas have lower income levels and fewer work chances.
Migration and Urbanisation: + Migration from rural to urban areas depopulates rural areas; + Migration from rural to urban areas stresses urban infrastructure.
Social Service inequities: Rural areas lack access to power, healthcare, and education, while urban areas have greater social services, which exacerbates human development inequities.
Environmental Degradation: Pollution and habitat loss plague urban regions, while unsustainable activities in rural areas result in land degradation and deforestation.
Contrasting approaches to development
Nigeria's Coastal Railway (MIC)
Tourism Potential: Makes it easier to reach popular tourist spots and cultural landmarks, drawing both local and foreign tourists.
Economic development: Draws investment and lowers transit costs to promote growth. increases the level of competition in sectors like industry and agriculture
Geographic Coverage: Links ports and key cities from Lagos to Calabar along Nigeria's coast.
Transportation connectivity improves access between industrial zones, ports, and metropolitan centres by facilitating the flow of people and goods.
UK HS2 railway (HIC)
A high-speed rail line called HS2 is being built to connect London with cities in the North and Midlands. This large project's primary goal is to lessen the economic imbalance in the region. Compared to London and the South East, cities in the North and Midlands are growing more slowly and paying less. One of the main causes of this inequality is inadequate transit infrastructure. In addition to bringing high-speed service, HS2 will significantly increase capacity on current rail routes. A significant West to East rail project, Northern Powerhouse Rail, is considered to require HS2. In various European nations, high-speed rail systems have been constructed in an effort to lessen regional differences.
Although significant work started in 2018, most of Phase 1 of the project still has to be finished. In late 2026, the first phase—which connects Birmingham and London—should open. Euston station will host the London terminal.
Phase 2A services (to Crewe) are scheduled to commence in 2027, and Phase 2B services (to Leeds and Manchester) are scheduled to start in 2033. In certain instances, final decisions regarding the route still need to be made.
Trains will go at up to 225 mph (362 km/h), significantly cutting down on travel times.
The entire cost was estimated to be more than £90 billion recently.
In comparison to the South, it appears that public opinion in the Midlands and North is far more supportive of the project. As of this writing, the government is reviewing the entire project.
Bottom up development project
Kenya Water Aid (LIC)
The water network in the area was built with funding provided by WaterAid. The organisation has trained locals to oversee and maintain the system and gather the funds required to keep it running.
A key component of the project's ideology is encouraging the community to invest in its own infrastructure. This has resulted in notable improvements to the neighbourhood's overall health.
Top-down development project
A high-speed rail line called HS2 is being built to connect London with cities in the North and Midlands. This large project's primary goal is to lessen the economic imbalance in the region. Compared to London and the South East, cities in the North and Midlands are growing more slowly and paying less. One of the main causes of this inequality is inadequate transit infrastructure. In addition to bringing high-speed service, HS2 will significantly increase capacity on current rail routes. A significant West to East rail project, Northern Powerhouse Rail, is considered to require HS2. In various European nations, high-speed rail systems have been constructed in an effort to lessen regional differences.
Although significant work started in 2018, most of Phase 1 of the project still has to be finished. In late 2026, the first phase—which connects Birmingham and London—should open. Euston station will host the London terminal.
Phase 2A services (to Crewe) are scheduled to commence in 2027, and Phase 2B services (to Leeds and Manchester) are scheduled to start in 2033. In certain instances, final decisions regarding the route still need to be made.
Trains will go at up to 225 mph (362 km/h), significantly cutting down on travel times.
The entire cost was estimated to be more than £90 billion recently.
In comparison to the South, it appears that public opinion in the Midlands and North is far more supportive of the project. As of this writing, the government is reviewing the entire project.