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The impact of Thatcherism 1979 to 1987 booklet 4 - Coggle Diagram
The impact of Thatcherism 1979 to 1987 booklet 4
Thatcher governments
Thatcher as leader
character and ideology
thatcher as a leader
political beliefs were largely influenced by her middle class background
he pressed the idea of becoming self-reliant and that hard work would equal success like how she found success
she was not a traditional conservative she dismissed traditional Tory members opting for younger MPs in her cabinet
promotion of the free market
he was known as a conviction politician which is someone who follows their own policies based on their beliefs rather than what it is popular or to follow what had gone before
dismissive of the post-war consentus as she saw it as the reason for Britain's ills
character and ideology
she believed in the idea of becoming self-reliant
she went to Oxford becoming a lawyer and Conservative MP ever as the result of our own hard work
factors ideology was heavily influenced by the new right largely economically economic theories of keynes are flawed and a promotion of the free market
fractures personal beliefs individuals had to take responsibilities for themselves in a free market economy
thatcherism wanted to promote more conservative ideas of a traditional family in Society
he was a daughter of a gorcer
factorite belief is that individual spend their money better than the government
the ministers support and opposition
liberal developments in postal Britain led to factorite viewed as a breakdown in order
what is a nickname given to a member of the Conservative Party by Ms Thatcher and her support for being a soft and squeamish about the social consequences of monerarist economic policiesThatcher largely appointed the so-called dries that supported her
Thatcher largely marginalized the wets
Michael he's a ling left the cabinet in 1986 slow process of dwindling support would begin
electoral success
the Conservatives one elections in 1983 1987 and 1992
internal labour divisions and the formation of the SDP
labour was little opposition to Thatcher as the party was at risk of becoming marginalized by The Rising SDP
the SDP was created in 1981 by the Gang of four which consists of leading labour politicians Dave Owen Roy Jenkins Shirley Williams and bill Rogers alongside 28 other labor MPs
the sdp was created because a David Owens Roy Jenkins Shirley Williams and bill Rogers were fourth out of the party by its increasing extremism
the sdp position itself as a centralist party it would successful in a series of by-elections and it also forged and Alliance with other centralist parties the liberals to form the sdp Liberal Alliance then known as the alliance and later the Deborah Liberal Democrats this in turn made labor not able to rely on the working class vote
Neil kin not was replaced by a Michael Foot as Labour leader he began removing the extremist from the party the military tendency
Northern Ireland and the troubles
the IRA launching hunger strike over being recognised as political prisoners whilst in jail
in 1984 the IRA exploded a bomb in the Grand Hotel in Brighton during an a Conservative conference Margaret Thatcher was the target but she wasn't killed 5 other people were killed
Republicans also entered the elections with sinn Fein the political wing of the movement
despite them winning elections for Westminster they refused to take their seats in the English parliament
gerry Adams the sin fein leader and mp West Belfast
impact of Thatcherism on society
sale of council houses
by 1980 the Housing Act gave council tenants the right to buy their rented council house
gave a discount of 33-50% off the market price
this led to 2 million new homeowner to take advantage of the scheme by 1990
Thatcher wanted to create a property owning democracy
home ownership increased from 55% in 1980 to 64% by 1987. This became a symbol of Thatcherism.
This became a symbol of Thatcherism led to Labour dropping it's internal objections due to the popularity of the policy
Negative side of this policy councils were ordered to use revenue to produce debts rather than new social housing.
leading to depletion of their housing supply for future generation
increased in house waiting lists and the use of temporary accommodation such as B&B to house famillies
miners strike and other industrial disputes
Thatchers economic reforms set up conflict with the trade unions
new law in 1980 outlawed secondary pickets
subsequent law in 1984 required unions to hold ballots before a strike could be called
some employers used this climate to try to remove union representation from their work place
the most high profile example being Rupert Murdoch
Murdoch took on the print unions in 1986 and before this the miner's strike in 1984-1985.
The Miner's Strike
In 1981 the National Coal Board (NCB) warned of the need to close 23 pits however the government did not want the re run of the 1973 - 1974 situation and instead compromised by reducing coal imports
By 1984 the situation had changed as the government had built up coal stocks with the advent of North Sea oil made an energy crisis less likely
The new head of the NCB Ian Mcgregor had the backing of the government for being more hardline and announced a closure of 20 pits
Arthur Scargill president of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM)
Scargill claimed that he had seen a secret plan to close 70 pits although the government denied this.
Scargill was a charismatic leader but did not command full support of miners and refused to hold a strike ballot, reducing his credibility.
The Nottinghamshire Miners formed a breakaway union, the Union of Democratic Miners (UDM) leading to them being called scabs and traitors
Scargill was accused of of pursing his Left Wing political agenda rather than representing the interests of the miners
He alienated the moderates and failed to secure the support of the Labour Party.
Thatcher's government as they sought to break the unions
Strikes were often violent with the police being accused of heavy handedness as seen with the Battle of Orgreave in June 1984
The Battle of Orgreave ended with a demoralising drift back to work
Closures still continued, where an industry that employed 200,000 in 1979 was reduced to 60,000 by 1990.
Union Membership across the board declined losing a third of members across the decade
this made their ability to stop job cuts and restructuring more difficult, as seen in industries such as British Steel and British Airways
Thatcher was proud of her defeat of the strikes, comparing the strength of her response to the weakness of her predecessors Callaghan and Heath in the 1970s
poll tax
an attempt to make local councils wore accountable to the electorate
Previously payment was based on the value of the property, now everyone regardless of wealth would pay the same
there was widespread hostility to the tax
including 200,000 attending a demonstration in London in March 1990
this ended in riots with over five thousand injuries as many complained of heavy handed police responds
extra parliamentary position
are there demonstrations against fractures policies came from fields of education and the Arts
largely over funding cuts
the church over the need to protect Communities as well as pacifist and environmental groups
Thatchers economic policies and their impact
monitorism
new conservative government was set out to reduce spending through monetarism
the idea was promoted by economist milton friedmen that the government can control inflation by restraining spending and borrowing by the supply of money in circulation
benefits were frozen and grants to the council were cut as government borrowing went down
income tax was cut from the top rate of 83 percent to 40% by 1988 and the standard rate fell from 33% to 25%
VAT increased from 8% to 15%this was for the goods and service is that people choose to spend their money on the porter's believed that this would prompt well creation by allowing people to keep more of their own money critics pointed out the burden was now being transferred to the indirect left progressive tax system
cut to the Roku government led to many clashes especially with labour councils to discredit protest the government accused them of wasteful spending on 'Looney left' policies
government also introduced rate clamping amount the amount of money that councils could raise in local taxation
the Conservatives never managed to reduce government spending this was largely be due to growing welfare bill caused by rising unemployment
monitor wrist economic policy was abandoned in factors second term when Chancellor abandoned spent spending targets in 1986
privatization
at your second term 1983 to 1987 has the emphasis on privateisation and deregulation
the privatization campaign began with the sale of British Petroleum in 1979 and continued throughout the decadeWhere where electricity gas telecoms and many others were sold off giving the government vital revenues little driven by the antisocialist ideology against national Industries and the belief that the private sector was better at delivering goods and services
many government services became outsourced to the private sector that was formally carried out by the state for insurance refuse collection
supporters of privatisation point out that the shareholding population increased from 3 million to 9 million whilst critics point out that many valuable government assets were sold off cheaply leading to Worth terms and conditions for transferred
employees
more than any other policy privatization signaled and end to the postwar consensus
deregulation
another key policy of the government was deregulation
deregulation meant the removal of red tape and government interference with the aim to encourage greater entrepreneurship
most significant was the big bang of the 26th of October 1986 that debreculated the London's stock exchange this made London the world center for finance where bigger wrists were taken and bigger Fortunes were made
issues on inflation
the country was plunged into recession,unemployment rose from 2 million to 3 million and inflation Rose to 15% in 1980
factorise bleed that inflation with the real threat to the economy peaking at 22 % in 1980 but falling to 2.5% by 1986
the desire to control inflation led to further recession and was to rise above 10% Again by 1990
the fret of inflation was seen as a greater fret to the economy than unemployment
unemployment and economic realignment
1980s the country was plunged into recession inflation rose by 15% and unemployment rose at the from 2 million to 3 million
in 1980 the supply of North Sea oil and gas saved the economy they continue this policy with the 1981 budget
the fret of inflation was seen as a greater fret to the economy then unemployment
the government was no longer be committed to maintaining low unemployment
British industry had to be prepared to rationalize to maintain competitiveness
monitor wrists policies led to the input a closure of many industrial plants permanently especially in south Wales, the Midlands ,the North and central Scotland
manufacturing decline by 15% within two years as a consequence unemployment stood 3 million by 1983 a post-war high accounting for 13.5% of the workforce. in places such as Liverpool this figure could be as high as 25%
that to a decline in the North Labor industrial Heartlands and more prosperous conservative supporting South
key thatcherite belief is that individual spend their money better than the government
productivity was not increased in the 1980s GDP growth rate of 2.2% with not an improvement from the 1970s the second half the decade Saw Greater growth then the beginning
foreign affairs
the Falklands
the forklan islands are free 300 miles East from the South American mainland and eight thousand miles from Britain
the Falklands served as a British colony and naval base since 1833
Argentina laid claim to the islands
Britain was prepared to negotiate this have the islands no longer served the strategic interest
the islanders wanted to remain British
British military attack would be very risky
but the was immediate and announcement for Thatcher
this was incredibly popular move as her rating recovered from her poor showing based on domestic policy
the matic root ended with a controversial through sinking of the general Belgian Renault Argentina warship as it was heading away from the battle zone
when HMS Endurance left the Islands unprotected in 1981 the Argentinian military junta took this as an opportunity to invade the Falklands and declare their sovereignty over las malvinas Argentinian name for the Falklands
she had the support of The Americans avoiding the mistake of suez crisis of 1956
the victory was Swift with
British Forces landing in san Carlo's Waters on 21st of May and the argentinians surrendering on the 14th of June 1982
a feeling of national pride swept through the country after it seemed that Britain's status was declining from the 1970s
diplomatic relations restored with Argentina in 1989
the 'special relationship' with USA
Factor enhance the special relationship with the USA
as she formed a bond with President Ronald Reagan on a personal and ideological basis
she supported the tough stance against the USSR the use of British air base is including for American Cruise missiles and
moves to end the Cold War
the USSR of invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 was a disaster for them as they exposed millitarily
there was a real fair of the escalation of the Cold War to a nuclear war fed in part by Pop Culture references
Thatcher was able to strike up an effective relationship with the reformist Soviet leader Mikhail gorbachev
he was someone who she said I could do business with in 1987 historic intermediate range nuclear forces Treaty
this would lead to a process of mutual disarmament
Thatcher as an international figure
patches leadership on worlds stage ranges from gorbachev Iron Lady to labour politician Dennis healys describing her as Reagan's poodle
she had a strong relationship with both Reagan and goverterv her popularity was also by the victory in Falklands
attitudes to Europe, including Thatcher's policies
Thatchers relationship with the EEC with one of contradictions with battles with her "handbag diplomacy" followed by periods of great cooperation
her greatness success was the reduction in payments to the EEC from 1984
have a notebook successes being the cooperation with the French with building the Canon tunnel in 1986 and the creation of the single market
divisions within the Conservative Party
is remain divided over the issue of the EEC membership
this was exposed with the west land affair in 1986 over whether European tide should be actively encouraged