SONETTO
- = poetry→ 14 verses
- popular from the Renaissance to the present day
- Rhyme→ (Shakespeare= abab, cdcd, efef, gg)
- alternate rhymes: ABAB
- embraced: ABBA
- independent verses
- verses→ full meaning
- escape verses
- enjambment→ continue in the next to complete the meaning
Astrophil and Stella; Philip Sidney
- 🌙→ watches it rise; sad and pale= sense melancholy
- in heavenly places love and sorrow exist?
→ 🌙 understands by appearance - poet shares unhappy lover's condition
- in the afterlife is love a lack of intelligence?
- heavenly beauties equal earthly beauties;
there is a desire to be loved - in the heavenly realm virtue is considered ungrateful
Beloved Edmund Spenser**
- P. writes name of beloved in sand, waves erase it; tries again
- woman replies: useless to immortalise the mortal
- Acknowledges his mortality
- P. → poems will eternalise love and virtue of beloved
- names written in the heavens
- hopes the name will survive
- personification
- simile
- metaphor
- Ej→ 1-3-7-11-13
- Rhetorical figures
Divided into:- rhetorical patterns or models→ word position
- manipulation meaning words→ non-literal or figurative mode
→Similarity→ comparison of terms (like or as)
→metaphor→ transferring meaning of one word to another
- sonetto petrarchesco (4 + 4 + 3 + 3)→ elisabettiano(4 + 4 + 4 + 2)
- Metaphor
- Personification
- Dialogue
- Ej→ 1-3-7
The Faerie Queene Edmund Spenser
- Guyon esplora "The Bower of Bliss", resistenza ai piaceri→ fermezza e controllo
- altro luogo: ricco di piaceri e bellezze, no invidie o rivalità
- natura→ descritta in tutta la sua bellezza e armonia= ambiente sereno
- natura temporanea bellezza e vita umana (allegoria della 🌹)
→ incoraggia lettore a cogliere l'opportunità dell'amore
- Similarity
- Personification
- Alliteration
- Metaphor
- Irony
- Ej→ 🚫
Paradise Lost * John Milton
- Lucifer (fallen archangel)
→ expresses surprise and disappointment at exile
→ accepts his new condition - God= absolute sovereign; no submissive
- loses joy and happiness of heaven; pride in being ruler of hell
- master of his own destiny
- Antithesis
- Metaphor
- Personification
- Anastrophe
- Repetition
- Ej→ 🚫
Sonet 18 William Shakespeare
- rhetorical question (comparing subject of composition and summer day)
- summer= imperfect season, rough winds and short duration
- emphasises imperfections: excessive heat
- exalts eternal and unchanging beauty of the beloved
- beauty of the beloved does not fade because it is in the verse
- Metaphor
- Personification
- Antithesis
- Alliteration
- Ej→ 3
Sonet 12 William Shakespeare
- P. watches time go by, checks his watch, day becomes night
- reflects on the ephemeral nature of beauty
- nature growing old, bare trees
- beauty of the beloved, wonders if it will fade with time
- with procreation and generation of children time is challenged
- Alliteration
- Metaphor
- Personification
- Contrast
- Ej→ 2
Sonet 116 William Shakespeare
- true love has no obstacles or changes
- true love is a fixed and unchanging point
- true love is not affected by time or physical decay
- Challenge to prove otherwise
- if his concept of love is wrong, he has never truly loved
- Antithesis
- Metaphor
- Personification
- Alliteration
- Ej→ 12
Sonet 130 William Shakespeare
- realistic and honest description of the lover, emphasises differences
- physical characteristics lover= ideal objects of beauty (🪸 ☀ ❄)
- lover does not correspond to conventional beauty standards
- lover has flaws (breath, cheek colour)
- Similarity
- Irony
- Metaphor
- Contradiction
- Ej→ 1-7
Utopia Thomas More
- a fictional land or island→ all is perfect
- in habitants live a life of Justice and harmony
- in contrast with the justice of Europeans countries
- Utopia socity:
- Reason
- communal property
- Productivity → slaves
- .
- ho class division
- little crimes (crimes are few)
- religion freedom
- little violence