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Transport System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Increasing heart attack risk
  - - - Tiredness, Unable to concentrate, Low energy levels, Nausea
    - - Theft in family, Stress
- - - - Diffusion and osmosis not sufficient
      - Transport
        
        For cells to obtain nutrients
        
        H2O & CO2
        
        To plant cells for photosynthesis
        
        Glucose
        
        To muscle cells for respiration
        
        To remove metabolic waste substances from cells
        
        CO2
        
        From cells to lungs
        
        Remove by exhalation
  - - - Perform one, or a few, specialised functions
      - Different parts of plant/animal’s body perform different function
        
        Specialisation
        
        Each part of the organisation more efficient
- - - - Thick, lignified walls
        
        Provide mechanical support to the plant
      - Hollow lumen
        
        Water to pass through without obstruction
      - Narrow lumen
        
        Water to pass through quickly
- - - - From higher to lower
    - - SA:VOL
        
        greater SA:VOL, greater ROD
      - Medium
        
        Gas is fastest
        
        Solid is slowest/impossible
      - Mass Of Particle
        
        greater MOP, lesser ROD
      - Concentration gradient
        
        Steeper the gradient, greater ROD
      - Temperature
        
        Greater temp, greater ROD
  - - - From higher WP
        
        Partially permeable membrane
      - To lower WP
    - - Dilute
        
        Concentration
        
        Low
        
        WP
        
        High
      - Concentrated
        
        WP
        
        Low
        
        Concentration
        
        High
- - - - Muscular pump
        
        Pushes blood around the body
    - - transports
        
        Nutrients, Metabolic waste
      - Plasm
        
        Transports dissolved substances around the body
        
        Consists of
        
        90% water
        
        Dissolved proteins
        
        Antibodies, enzymes
        
        Dissolved mineral salts
        
        Dissolved waste products
        
        Carbon dioxide
        
        Dissolved nutrients
        
        Glucose, amino acids
      - Red blood cells
        
        Transports oxygen for the lungs to the rest of the body
        
        Haemoglobin
        
        Binds to oxygen
        
        No nucleus
        
        More space to contain more haemoglobin
        
        Carry more oxygen
        
        Biconcave shape
        
        Increase SA:VOL —> faster diffusion of oxygen in and out of RBC
        
        Flexible cell surface membrane
        
        Allow RBC to bend to move through narrow capillaries
        
        Red Blood Cells
      - White blood cells
        
        Protects the body against harmful organisms
        
        Types
        
        Lymphocyte
        
        Antibody production
        
        Phagocyte
        
        Engulf and digest bacteria
      - Platelets
        
        Form blood clot
        
        Prevent excessive bleeding
    - - Send blood around the body
      - Types
        
        Arteries
        
        Carry blood away from the heart
        
        Structure
        
        Narrow lumen
        
        Thick, muscular, elastic wall
        
        withstand high pressure
        
        Capillaries
        
        Site of exchange of substances between blood and body cells
        
        Structure
        
        One-cell thick wall
        
        Shorten diffusion distance of substance
        
        Veins
        
        Carry blood back into the heart
        
        Structure
        
        Thinner and less muscular wall
        
        wide lumen
        
        Contains semilunar valves to prevent back-flow