Psychology- Question 2
Theories of motivation
Theories of Stress
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Reversal Theory
Theories of aggression
Weinberg's graph of self confidence
Bandura's Self Efficacy Theory
Dweck's Theory of Mindset
Tuckman's stages of group development
Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of leadership
Carron's model of cohesion
Need to achieve Theory
Need to avoid failure Theory
Achievement goal theory
Self Determination Theory
Weiner's Attribution Theory
The need to achieve theory refers to athletes who thrive on a challenge. Usually they are determined, quick workers, and risk takers.
The need to avoid failure theory is a theory which discusses an athletes who tends to avoid challenges because they do not want to risk failing. They are slow workers who avoid responsibility, are easily dissauded from taking part and do not like being assessed.
The achievement goal theory is split into two catergories; task orientation and ego orientation.
Task Orientation:
- Success= Improvement
- Focusing on improving ability
- High interest/ curiosity in task, appropriate level of challenge and effort
- Occasionally called mastery orientation
Ego Orientation:
- Success= Being better than others/ winning
- Focuses on proving ability
- Low interest/ curiosity/ challenge level
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Autonomy is feeling that you have control over your own actions.
• Competence is having a perception that you possess adequate ability.
• Relatedness is having a sense that you belong (to the group, coach or sport).
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Need to explain success and failure
Ability- always been good
Effort- I worked hard for that
Task difficulty- that was easy
Luck- I was lucky with that
Instinct Theory
Social Learning Theory
Frustration- Aggression Theory
Aggression viewed as an inborn drive
Aggression Viewed as a learned behaviour
Aggression viewed as a response to frustration
Athlete satisfaction and performance as the product of three components of behaviour: actual leader behaviour, preferred leader behaviour, and prescribed leader behaviour.
Carron's Conceptual model of Cohesion factors is a framework used to understand the different factors that contribute to team cohesion in sports and other contexts. Key Points Carron's Conceptual model of Cohesion factors include four categories of factors: environmental, personal, team, and leadership.
Bandura hypothesized that self-efficacy affects an individual's choice of activities, effort, and persistence. People who have low self-efficacy for accomplishing a specific task may avoid it, while those who believe they are capable are more likely to participate.
Four Stage Stress Process: Stage 1- Cause of stress, Stage 2- Individual Perception on demand, Stage 3- Stress Response, Stage 4- Behaviour Consequences
The four stages of group development are known as forming, storming, norming, and performing. Forming refers to when a group is initially developed/ formed, storming is when the group start to have disagreements and conflict, norming is when they all accept their roles, and then performing is when they perform and work well together as a group.
The reversal theory discusses how the motivation of many people for participating in sport is found in the pleasant experience of high arousal which is intrinsic to many sports activities
This theory is based on the premise that state anxiety is multidimensional with its two components (cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety) influencing performance differently.
Self-confidence is defined as, the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour (Weinberg & Gould, 2014). Athletes that allow the smallest amount of self-doubt into their thinking will most likely see a decrease in their performance.
Dweck and her proponents claim that individuals with a growth mindset believe that their characteristics and abilities can be changed with effort, and over time, these people are more likely to adopt learning goals, choose challenging tasks, and employ adaptive strategies to improve their abilities.