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Religious
reforms
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CRISIS
The authority of the
Catholic Church was being challenged
Humanism
emphasised the value of humans and promoted individual interpretation of the Bible
The development of
authoritarian monarchies
The
monarchs
had more control over the church
the
buying and selling of indulgences
was introduced
Harmful practices
Living Humbly
Correcting moral standards
Preventing corruption
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
The first religious reform was started by
Martin Luther
In 1517 Luther wrote his Ninety-five
Theses criticising indulgences
they were circulated widely, because of
the printing press
Luther developed his own doctrine based on individual
Christianity
Lutheran spread the
Holy Roman Empire
two imperial assemblies
the
Diet of Speyer
in 1529
the
Diet of Worms
in 1521
LUTHERAN DOCTRINE
Salvation through faith
Universal priesthood
Free interpretation of the Bible
Reformation of the sacraments
Religious orders
CATHOLIC DOCTRINE
Religious and military orders
The Catholic Church had a hierarchical structure
the Bible was the only
valid interpretation
follow all precepts and do good works
Catholicism had seven sacraments
CALVINISM
A French priest called John Calvin established a theocracy in Geneva
System of government was based on the following principles
Strict adherence to the Bible
Belief in predestination
Humility and austerity
THE ENGLISH REFORMATION
was more politically motivated than theologically motivated
the Act of Supremacy was passed
The act granted Henry VIII royal supremacy
Eanglish monarchs had more power than the Church
THE INFLUENCE OF CALVINISM
Calvinists in France were called Huguenots
They caused instability, violence and wars in France
Calvinists in the Low Countries, Scotland and England were called Puritans
THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION: THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
The Catholic Church tried to stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation
The Council of Trent was held
The main agreements reached were
The seven sacraments and worship of the Virgin Mary and saints
They were mantained
The Vulgate Bible
Was the only valid version
The Church’s hierarchical structure
Was reaffirmed
They were needed to have better discipline and training
the Inquisition was strengthened
a list of prohibited books was created
the Compañía de Jesús was created to promote Catholicism
