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comparative theories - Coggle Diagram
comparative theories
main ideas of liberalism
optimism of human nature
assume global interconnectedness means that it is possible to find mutually beneficial solutions to global issues using global institutions
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generally optimistic about human nature and assume that cooperation is both possible and desirable in most situations
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balance and harmony
focus more on harmony - argue that international system can be balanced in such a way that encourages peace stability and harmony
international cooperation, interconnectedness and global governance key to this
complex interdependence
cobweb model used to illustrate this - states and non state actors NGS and IGOS crucial to IR - increasingly the case with globalisation and global issues that transcend borders
for liberals interdependence is economic, political and cultural
states not single entities realists believe them to be - instead inextricably linked and intertwined
global governance
see attempts to find solutions through GG as desirable and necessary to help promote peace and security
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attach great importance to GG - central to IR and enables states to address global issues on a global platform
fukuyama argued that we have reached end of political evolution and liberal democracy will prevail - GG as way of promoting liberal democracy on a global scale
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evaluation
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power and development
liberals currently in time of multipolarity see this as time of stability because the growth and spread of liberal democracy has made war between states increasingly rare
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realists
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multipolarity as time of instability - arguing that it was much more stable during the cold war era's bipolarity or under unipolarity of true hegemon
regionalism and the eu
liberals
increased regionalism and pooling of sovereignty as an effective way to create regional stability as well as benefit GG by streamlining multilateral organisations
realists
critical of any erosion of state sovereignty see it as largely ineffectual since only works as long as it benefits the strongest states
main ideas of realism
state sovereignty
state sovereignty is paramount and states will act in their own national interests - human nature inherently selfish
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international anarchy
based on idea that there is no higher authority than the state - states operate in system of disorder
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inevitability of war
states ultimately want to secure best outcome for itself in any given situation - use any means to get it
linked to idea of the billiard ball model - states separate entities that will collide and crash into eachother
realists belief in a lack of authority above state level and that states will act in own self interests see war as inevitable and unavoidable
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security dilemma
states will want to increase their defences in order to protect themselves in anarchic system - has effect that other states will want to build up their defences in response - tensions increase between these states
security dilemma based on idea that anarchic system states do not have anywhere to turn for help must be self reliant by having own military power and alliances
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