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Question 1 Describe the psychological factors that impact - Coggle Diagram
Question 1
Describe the psychological factors that impact
Motivation
Definition: Motivation stimulates athletes through arousal and direct behaviour which makes the athlete perform to the best of the ability.
Intrinsic: Someone that takes part in sport for enjoyment, they use their own motivational drive to exceed and improve.
Extrinsic: Someone that is motivated through external rewards, e.g, trophies, medals. money and prizes.
Factors: Coach, family, peers, personality and physical environment.
Over motivation: Overconfidence, decrease in performance, burnout and injury.
Arousal, Anxiety and Aggression
Arousal
“a state of readiness to perform that helps motivate performers” “the energised state, or the readiness for action that motivates a performer to behave in a particular way”
“physiological state of alertness & anticipation which prepares the body for action”
Effects of arousal can be positive or negative.
High arousal can cause worry, become anxious, which cannot be controlled. Raising arousal levels can cause a state of "readiness", which is seen as positive and can enhance performance.
Anxiety
Cognitive anxiety - worry
Somatic anxiety – feeling sick, butterflies…
Behavioural anxiety – biting fingernails, quiet…
Competitive anxiety – all of the above
Improvements in performance, change in focus, increase in stress and anxiety levels and distraction.
Definition: An unpleasant feeling with physiological symptoms, e.g heart racing, sweaty palms...
Aggression
Definition: A forceful action or procedure, especially when intended to dominate or master.
Assertive Behaviour: No intent to harm, legitimate force, unusual effort and energy expenditure.
Hostile Aggression: Intent to harm, goal to harm, anger.
Instrumental Aggression: Intent to harm, goal to win, no anger.
Relational Aggression: Manipulation and damage to social relationships, intent to harm, spreading rumours or forcing alliances.
Self Confidence
Definition: “The belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour” (Weinberg & Gould).
90% of sports highest achievers are characterised by
high levels of self-confidence (Hemery, 1986).
Optimal confidence: Striving to achieve your goals, convincing yourself that it will happen.
Lack of confidence (self doubt): Creates anxiety, breaks concentration and indecisiveness.
Overconfidence (false confidence): Prepare less than you need to in order to perform.