question 1
motivation
Different types of motivation
signs of over training
Intrinsic, extrinsic, A motivation
Over training, training addiction, social withdrawal
Effects of over motivation
The negative effects of this is - over confidence, decrement in performance, burnout, injury
The influence on motivation
The family and peers of the individual plays an important part when it comes to an individuals motivation. Because most individuals are influenced by those who are close to them.
The environment also has the a big impact on an individuals performance e.g if an athlete is surrounded by a positive environment it will effect their performance positively if they are surrounded in a negative environment they will play negatively.
The facility's that some individuals may have can also impact their motivation e.g gyms, clubs etc.
A motivation- Individuals that are neither intrinsically or extrinsically motivated meaning they have pervasive feelings of incompetence and lack of control
Extrinsic- Someone who works for external rewards e.g trophies
Intrinsic- someone who participates in sports for fun.
The influence on motivation
personality- traits, social learning.
The influence of the physical environment on motivation
TARGET
Task, authority, reward, grouping, evaluation and timing
Mastery climate and competitive climate
Arousal, stress, anxiety, aggression
Arousal
Eustress & distress
sources of stress: internal, external
definition- A state of readiness to perform that helps motivate the athlete, The readiness for action that motivates a performer to behave in a certain way, A state of alertness which prepares the body for action.
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Inverted U theory
catastrophe theory
drive theory
Anxiety
State anxiety situationally, relevant, it is the individuals response to a particular threatening situation.
Trait anxiety- A general disposition to respond to a relatively, unthreatening situations with a disproportionately high level of state anxiety. personality characteristics reflecting individual susceptibility to state anxiety.
Cognitive anxiety-
worry
somatic anxiety
feeling sick, butterflies..
Behavioural anxiety
biting fingernails, quiet
competitive anxiety
all of the above
Symptoms of stress and anxiety
fight or flight response
Positive consequences of stress and anxiety
positive mental state
increase of self-confidence
improvement in performance
increased energy
increased motivation
increased focus
negative consequences of stress and anxiety
negative mental state
loss of self confidence
decrement in performance
possible injury
aggression
Types of aggression
assertive behaviour
instrumental
hostile
relational
Confidence
Meaning of self confidence
The belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour
Optimal self confidence
involves being so convinced that you will achieve your goals that you strive hard to do so
lack of confidence
reates anxiety, breaks concentration, and causes indecisiveness
overconfidence
causes you to prepare less than you need to in order to perform
Vealeys confidence model
2, sources of self confidence
3, constructs of sports confidence
1, factors influencing sports confidence
4, consequences of sports confidece
Benefits of self confidence
How Expectations
Influence Performance
Arouses positive emotions
Facilitates concentration
Affects the setting and pursuit of challenging goals
Increases effort
Affects game strategies (play to win vs. play to lose)
Affects psychological momentum
Affects performance
Coaches’ and teachers’ expectations are very important
A teacher’s or coach’s expectations can alter a student’s or athlete’s feelings and performance (late bloomers study)
The expectation-and-performance process occurs in four stages
self efficacy / self esteem
Verbal Persuasion
Mastery Experience
Vicarious Experiences
Emotional Arousal
efinition- belief that he/she can be successful in specific tasks, skills, or under specific conditions
Impact of self esteem
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Good mental health
Higher levels of leadership
Higher levels of independence
Higher levels of resilience
Adaptability
Approach challenges
Mindset
Fixed mindset
growth mindset
Individuals with a fixed mindset believe that their qualities (such as intelligence and other personality traits) are “set in stone”– how God made you is basically who you are. One’s traits are fixed — not something that can be practiced or developed.
In a fixed mindset, people believe their basic qualities, like their intelligence or talent, are simply fixed traits. They spend their time documenting their intelligence or talent instead of developing them. They also believe that talent alone creates success—without effort
Individuals with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that effort or training can change one’s qualities and traits.
In a growth mindset, people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work—brains and talent are just the starting point. This view creates a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for great accomplishment.
Resilience in sports
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