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Disorders of Micturition - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of Micturition
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Hypercontractile bladder
Oxybutynin or Propantheline
- muscarinic antagonist; anti-spasmodic
- can cause drowsiness, constipation and urine retention
Imipramine
- tricyclic antidepressant
- inhibits amine (serotonin and norepi) reuptake in prejunctional neurons -> results in increases in their levels and effects
- used in dogs and cats for urinary incontinence
- can cause tremors, seizures and tachycardia
Hypertonic urethra
Alpha adrenergic blockers
- decrease internal sphincter resistance
- more effect in dog, as cats have smooth muscle limited to the proximal third of the urethra and more skeletal muscle
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Striated Muscle Relaxants
- used in dogs and cats with functional urethral obstruction
Diazepam
- centrally acting relaxant
- works by enhancing GABA receptor activity
- rare indiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in cats following oral administration
Dantrolene
- peripheral acting relaxant
- produces skeletal muscle relaxation most likely by interfering with release of intracellular calcium from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
Hypotonic urethra
Reproductive Hormones
Diethylstilbesterol
- licensed in spayed dogs and cats
Estradiol
- licensed for use in spayed dogs
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Alpha Adrenergic Agonists
- stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors directly and promote release of norepi -> increases sphincter tone
Phenylpropanolamine (Proin, propalin), Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine
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