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Early Civil rights, The Great migration, Divisions in African American…

- - - - Literacy test
        
        Residential requirement
        
        This was difficult for black americans who were often poor and the literacy tests were made very complicated
- - - - Under leadership of Carmichael the SNCC expelled white people from its membership in 1966 . CORE did this in 1968
      - So the urban riots were seen as expression of black power and rejection of MLK's approach
      - King was loosing control of civil rights movement as many division between the NAACP , SCLC and SNCC deepend
- - - - Public polls
      - Indicated by late 1966 - 63% of white Americans disapproved of civil rights demonstrations
      - By 1967 this had increased to 82%
    - - King's failure in Chicago and growing divisions between radical leaders like carmichael made him uncertain about future of civil rights movement
      - By 1967 he turned against Vietnam war , publicly criticising the US government for wasting huge sums that could be spent at reducing social and economic inequality at home
      - In April 1968 , when supporting a garbage workers strike in Memphis , King was assassinated by a white supremacist
        
        King's assassination triggered widespread rioting in ghettos
        
        130 cities where involved with terrible violence in Washington DC , 46 deaths and $100 million worth of damages
        
        Stunned congress and president organised last civil rights reform of the 60s as tribute to King
        
        The Civil Rights Act of 1968 - Outlawed discrimination based on the basis of skin colour , race , religion of national origin in the rental sale of housing
- - - - Separate but equal meant truly equal which enabled NAACP to sponsor lawsuits against discrimination in teachers' paying salaries
        
        By 1946 - African American school teachers' salaries in southern states was 79% of white teachers
    - - Supreme Court rules an All white primary election which African americans were prevented from voting in was unconstitutional
        
        African Americans could now vote in the democrat dominated South
        
        However still restrictions in the South such as poll tax and literacy tests
- - - - The freedom riders were CORE activists who rode on scheduled buses to test the ruling
      - Their actions were designed to provoke a reaction and intervention from the federal government
      - There was savage reaction with local police commissioner Eugene Bull Connor colluding with the KKK allowing freedom riders to be attacked
        
        Scores of freedom riders were arrested in Southern cities which embarrassed Kennedy administration
        
        Attorney general RFK made attempts to protect riders and eventually forced Interstate commerce commission to prohibit segregated facilities
        
        As intended by CORE , the spectacle of whit violence was well publicised
- - - - 3.Campaign for better educational facilities
        
        4.Enforce 14th and 15th amendement
- - - - Ends racial discrimination in federal employment
    - - Ordering de segregation in armed forces
- - - - King knew these tactics would attract publicity , encourage revulsion at racism and attract support from liberal and moderate white Americans
- - - - Southern economy boomed , oil industry centered in Houston brought new wealth to Southern states ,
    - - Conditions in Northern ghettos were not improving and economic opportunities in the South proved a strong pull
      - Political progress made by African Americans led to the election of proportionately more African Americans in high political office in the South