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The Problem of Demarcation, Theory of Corroboration, Is there a scientific…
The Problem of Demarcation
Popper says that to verify a theory, all possible cases have to be verified, this is impossible
Falsifiability is the criterion that enables demarcation between science and non-science
There is a logical difference between verification and falsification
it is logically impossible to verify something thanks to experience
For him, a theory can be called “scientific” if it can be proved wrong through experience,
a scientific theory is so universal that it can't be contradicted (no empirical content)
logic of falsibility
a statement can be falisified with only one counter statement
Theory of Corroboration
for popper experience isn't always the truth
Science isn't the realm of certainty and verified truth but hypothesis that have not been falsified
The only way to verify if its science is corboration
A hypothesis is corroborated if it passes the falsifying empirical experience
A corroborated theory can be falsified through empirical tests
Is there a scientific method?
Science relies on the inductive method
poper belives that this method doesn't exist
sceince proceeds in trial and error:
we solve them and come up with theories
sd test these theories, we find mistakes and make new one
we face problems and try to solve them
sceince doesn't come from nothing: beliefs, concepts, ideas, etc
theory of paradigm
paradigm (disciplinary matrix)
1.all the key theoretical assumptions in the scientific community
All the scientific problems solved through theoretical assumptions
all paradigms will have problems which are diffucult to solve through a paradigm
a paradigm is non-negotiable
when a normal scientists results clash with a paradigm, their theory is wrong
Theories’ Incommensurability
scientists who accept a paradigm see the world through its lenses
when it changes scientists change their conceptual frame
if there is a new paradigm not all the ideas of the old one become false
new ideas are not right nor wrong
The role of Metaphysics
Popper says that metaphysics is not a science but isn't nonsense
Metaphysical theories are easily understud without proving their validity
Empirical research is impossible without metaphysics
The Development of Science
he developed a science
the development has a normal and a revolutionary phase
Normal science includes things that scientists did everyday
new paradigm (alternative to the current paradigm) when everyone surrenders to it this phase will finish
The revolutionary phase is the shift from one paradigm to another
Liberazione dalla volontà/dolore
Liberazione dalla volontà/dolore
2) Etica della pietà:
l'etica scaturisce un sentimento di pietà, quindi la pietà nasce da un dolore passato
2 virtù dell'etica
Giustizia
Compassione
l'uomo supera l’egoismo, che lo rende nemico di sestesso
3) Ascesi:
ascesi = perccorso di liberazione da i piaceri
facendo diguino, astemia, astinenza sessuale etc
1) Arte:
interrompe il dolore provocato dal desiderio, che provoca dolore e sofferenza
l'uomo si libera dalla sua individualià e rimane (rimuove le condizioni spaziali, temporali e causali)
prima tappa del percorso di liberazione dal dolore