Alicia Resmer, Period 5: Endocrine System
Major Functions of Endocrine System
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions (separate by region/ body cavity)
• Include the hormones produced, their functions and their target organs
Compare and contrast steroid vs. non-steroid hormones and list the hormones for each
category
Homeostatic mechanisms of hormone regulation (negative and positive feedback)
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Endocrine glands release hormones into bloodstreams
Metabolism, Homeostasis, Growth/Development, Sexual Function, Reproduction, Sleep-Wake Cycle, Mood
Pineal Gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Pituitary Gland (Grand Master)
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal Glands
Kidneys
Ovaries
Testes
Parathyroid
Melatonin- helps body relax, sleep-cycle, metabolism
Growth- Regulates Growth
Estrogen- Regulates development of uterus, growth/development, Reproduction and Progesterone
Progesterone- Contraception, Luteal phase support, prepare uterus
Testosterone- Regulate Sex Drive, Bone mass, Fat distribution, Muscle Mass, RBC, Sperm
Erythropoietin- Stimulate production and maintenance of RBC's
Aldosterone- Helps control salt and water balance in kidney (keep sodium in and release potassium)
Cortisol- Control glucose levels in blood, respond to danger and stress
Insulin- Lowers blood sugar, regulates energy supply by balancing micronutrients
Glucagon- Increase blood sugar, Keeps blood sugar from getting too low
Corticotrophin- Regulates HPA axis
Thymosin- Stimulates T-Cell production for immune system, control inflammation and immunity
Thymopoietin: fuels T-Cell production and send signal to pineal gland to produce hormones
Parathyroid Hormone- control calcium levels in blood
Thyroxine- Controls Metabolic Rate
Calcitonin- Blocks osteoclasts activity (Controls calcium amount)
Thyroid Stimulating- Tells Thyroid to produce hormones
Prolactin- Controls breast milk production
Adrenocorticotrophic- tells adrenals to make hormones
Follicle Stim and Lutenising- Reproductive
Gonadotropin- Stimulates pituitary to stimuate FSH and LH
TRH- stimulate Thyroid
Steroid- Directly Active, Related to Cholesterol, Lipid Soluble
Non-Steroid: Inactive, Protein, Amino Acid, Nonlipid soluble, Pituitary and Hypothalamic
Testosterone, Progesterone, Estrogen, Aldosterone, Cortisol
Antidiuretic, Oxytocin, Thyrotropin, Gonadotropin, GH, ACTH, LH, Thyroid Stimulating, FSH
Blood Level, Sugar Level, Blood Pressure
Diabetes- Not enough insulin, high blood sugar :
PCOS- Cysts that form on ovaries
Hypothyroidism- High risk heart failure, underactive thyroid
Acromegaly- abnormal growth caused by overproduction of growth hormone
Prolactinoma- too much prolactin