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Anti-nutritional factors: compound with animal feed that disrupt feed…
Anti-nutritional factors: compound with animal feed that disrupt feed utilization & impact both animal health & production
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Alkaloid
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3 central types: true alkaloids, protoalkaloids & pseudoalkaloids
as ANF in Lupin
at high concentration, harvested product can become inedible and lead to poisoning
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Lipase Inhibitor
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functions: interfering with normal digestion& absorption of dietary fats which leads to reduced energy absorption from diet
side effect
lead to gastrointestinal side effects : diarrhea, flatulence & abdominal discomfort due altered fat digestion & absorption
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Treatment
Soaking, Heating, Fermenting
Glycosides
Can adversely affect health & performance of animals by interfering with nutrient absorption or metabolism
Function
bitter-taste, deterring herbivores from consuming plant material containing them
certain have anti-microbial properties, aid in plant defense against pathogen
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Treatment
Heat, fermentation, chemical (add alkalis)
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Lectins
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Disadvantages
Loss of intestinal epithelial resistance, lead to acute gastroenteritis
disturbances of hormonal homeostasis, lead to pancreatic hypertrophy in rodent-model
Phytic Acid
Primary storage form of phosphorus in many plants & serves as source of energy & nutrients for growing seed
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Role as ANF
have strong affinity for mineral. When consumed, bind with mineral in digestive tract forming phytates thus reduces their solubility and availability for absorption in small intestine.
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Treatment
Cooking, fermentation, soaking
Tannins
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2 types:Condensed tannins with high RMM (not easily broken down) ; Hydrolysable tannins with low RMM (hydroluzable)
Role as ANF
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Bind and reduce protein, carbohydrates & lipid digestibility & inhibit iron absorption
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Trypsin Inhibitor
protease inhibitor that regulate activation and catalytic events of protein to lessen biological activity of trypsin
Role as ANF
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trypsin destructively altered, make it unable to connect with proteins for digestion
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Oligosaccharides
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Example
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Disadvantages
causes bloating, cramping & diarrhea
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Beta-glucans
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Found in barley, yeast, oats
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Phytate
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role as ANF
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Inhibits activity of digestive enzymes, further impairing the digestion & utilization of nutrients from food
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