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redox, https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/International%20…

- - - - if left long enough, the rust cape will fall off
        
        The metal corrodes again repeating the process
        
        .
  - - - Adding a more reactive metal to the iron so the more reactive metal reacts with the oxygen
      - galvanising
        
        covers the iron in zinc (similar to electroplating)
    - - oil or grease the metal
        
        Similar to paint, it stops oxygen from reaching the iron, it is mostly used for moving parts
      - electroplating
        
        uses electrolysis to cover the iron in a thin layer of another metal.
      - paint the metal
        
        The paint creates a barriers stopping oxygen from getting to the iron
- - - - calcium + water --> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
    - - sodium + steam --> sodium oxide + hydrogen
    - - potassium + oxygen --> potassium oxide
    - - hydrochloric acid (HCI) --> Chloride (Cl-)
        
        Magnesium + hydrochloric acid = magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas (Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2)
      - sulfuric acid (H2SO4) --> sulfate (SO4, 2-)
        
        Iron + Sulfuric acid ⟶ Iron sulfate + Hydrogen [Fe(s)+H2SO4(aq)⟶FeSO4(aq)+H2(g)]
      - nitric acid (HNO3) -->nitrate (NO3 -)
        
        Copper + nitric acid --> copper nitrate + hydrogen
      - Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) --> Phosphate (PO4, 3-)
        
        Aluminium + phosphoric acid --> aluminium phosphate + hydrogen
      - A salt is a compound that is formed when the hydrogen atom in an acid is replaced by a metal. For example if we replace the H in HCl with a potassium atom, then the salt potassium chloride is formed, KCl.
  - - - Metal + metal oxide
        
        exp: magnesium + iron oxide --> magnesium oxide + iron
      - metal + aqueous solutions of metal salts
        
        copper nitrate + magnesium --> magnesium nitrate + copper
    - - metals which are more reactive than hydrogen will react with the acids forming salts and hydrogen, this is a displacement reaction
      - rapid fizzing and colourless gas
- - - - magnesiums losses electrons and turns into a magnesium ion
    - - Magnesium gains oxygen so it gets oxidised
    - - oxidises substances
      - gets reduced
  - - - chlorine gains electrons so it gets oxidised
    - - iron is getting reduced as it oxygen has been removed
    - - reduces substance
      - gets oxidised
- - - - exp of metals
        
        iron
        
        copper
        
        zinc
      - This extraction involves displacing the molden metal from the other elements by displacing it using carbon as it is more reactive
    - - exp of metals
        
        gold
        
        silver
    - - exp of metals
        
        lithium
        
        calcium
        
        sodium
        
        magnesium
        
        potassium