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VISUAL SYSTEM 2 - Coggle Diagram
VISUAL SYSTEM 2
- Common Descriptive Terminology:
- Visual field: The total area in which objects can be seen in the periphery of vision while the eye is focused on a central point.
- Monocular: Relating to, affecting, or using only one eye.
- Binocular: Involving the use of both eyes.
- Scotoma: A partial loss of vision or a blind spot in an otherwise normal visual field.
- Anopia: Total absence of vision, with specific types based on the region of visual field affected (e.g., hemianopia).
- Hemianopia: Blindness over half the field of vision.
- Quadrantanopia: Blindness in a quarter of the visual field.
- Homonymous: Visual field defects that are the same in each eye (e.g., loss on the left side in both eyes).
- Heteronymous: Visual field defects that affect opposite sides in the two eyes (e.g., bitemporal hemianopia).
- Macular sparing: A condition where the central vision is preserved despite other areas of vision loss.
- Central Scotoma: A blind spot in the center of the visual field, often linked to optic nerve damage or macular degeneration.
- Monocular Visual Loss: Complete vision loss in one eye, possibly due to optic nerve or severe retinal damage.
- Retinal Transient Ischemic Attack: Temporary vision loss in one eye, suggesting vascular issues like carotid artery stenosis.
- Visual Auras and Fortification Scotomas: Seen in migraine, characterized by flickering lights or geometric patterns.
- Bitemporal Hemianopia: Loss of the outer half of the visual field in both eyes, typically due to a pituitary tumor affecting the optic chiasm.
- Nasal Hemianopia: Loss of the nasal field in one or both eyes, often due to damage at the optic chiasm.
- Homonymous Hemianopia: Loss of the same half of the visual field in both eyes, indicating damage behind the optic chiasm.
- Sectoranopia and Quadrantanopia: Partial field loss, indicating localized lesions in the optic tract or radiations.
- Homonymous Hemianopia with Macular Sparing: Typical of cortical strokes affecting the visual cortex but sparing the macular region due to robust blood supply.
- Retina to Optic Nerve: Light information is transformed into neural signals by the retina and transmitted through the optic nerve.
- Optic Chiasm: Fibers from the nasal half of each retina cross to the opposite side, while those from the temporal half do not cross.
- Optic Tract to Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN): Signals are relayed to the LGN, which sorts them by eye of origin and type of information (motion vs. detail and color).
- Optic Radiations: Fibers leave the LGN and pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule to reach the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
- Visual Cortex to Association Areas: The primary visual cortex processes basic visual information which is then sent to association areas for further interpretation.