Electricity
DEFINITION
Electric Current is the flow of electrons from one atom to another inside a conductive material.
Is a form of energy that lets negatively charged particles move from one atom to another
By: Santiago Martinez and Pablo Izquierdo
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS:
Conductors are materials that let electric current flow through them.
Insulators are materials that do not let electric current flow.
Static Electricity is a phenomenom caused by the accumulation of charge in a material. Electric current is related to moving charges, while static electricity is produced when charges are at rest.
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
An electric circuit is a series of interconnected components that an electric current flows through to produce an effect.
CONTROL DEVICES Are devices that regulate the circuit, they allow or prevent the flow of electric current through the circuit.
LOAD DEVICES Components that receive the electrical energy from the power sources and convert it to other types of useful energy.
CONDUCTORS Are components that transport the electrical energy from the power sources to the load devices, the electric current flow through these components.
POWER SOURCES Components that supply the necessary electrical energy to the rest of the circuit in order to move electrons.
WIRE
BATTERY
CELL
ONE-WAY SWITCH
PUS SWITCH
TWO-WAY SWITCH
LAMP
MOTOR
BUZZER
RESISTOR
REPRESENTING CIRCUITS: We represent electrical circuits with a very simple drawing called an electrical schematic. Every component in a circuit has a standardised symbol to represnt ir in a simple way that anybody can understand.
OPEN CIRCUITS: A open circuit is open when the energy of the power source cannot reach the load devices, so the electric current cannot flow
CLOSED CIRCUITA circuit is closed when the energy of the power source reaches the load devices, so the electric current flows
SHORT CIRCUITS:In an electric circuit, a short circuit occurs when the electric current is transported by the wires without passing through a load device
Series circuit Relacionship between the variables
Current The total voltage delivered by the power source is the sum of the potential drops across each of the resistors
VoltageThe current flowing through all of the resistors in the circuit is the same and is equal to the current of the equivalent circuit
Resistance The equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of all resistances in the circuit
TYPES OF CIRCUITS
SERIES CIRCUITS In these circuits, all the components are connected one after the other
PARALLEL CIRCUITSIn these circuits, the load devices are connected on different branches of the wire
SERIES-PARALLEL COMBINATION CIRCUITSThese circuits contaion connected in series and in parallel
PARALLEL CIRCUIT Relationship between the variables of the rel circuit and the equivalent circuit.
RESISTANCES The inverse of the equivale resistance is a equal of the inverse of all resistences in the
CONVERTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY
LIGHT We can convert electricity to light through load devices such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent tubes and electronic or low-energy lamps
HEAT When electrons move through a conductor or load device, they create friction with the material as the pass through, which produces heat.
MOTION We can also convert energy to motion using a motor,. The effect obtained when we make an electric current flow through a motor is that its shaft turn in a rotary motion.
SOUND We can use electrical energy to transmit sounds through microphones and we can produced sound effect through sirents, buzzers and bells
RESISTOR converts energy to heat energy
LAMP Converts energy to light energy
MOTOR Converts energy to kinectic enrgy
BUZZER Converts energy to sound energy
CURRENTS The current of the equivalent circuit is equal to the sum of the currents flowing across each of the resistors
VOLTAGES The total voltages delivered by the power source is the same as the potential dropd across across each of the resistors.
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION AND TRANSMISSION Electrical energy is genereted industrially in power stations, which cover a form of energy to electrical energy. Many power stations have an impact on our environment because they pollute the atmosphere, add to the greenhouse effect, pollute water.
RESPONSIBLE USE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY When we save energy, we save money too but more importantly, we save natural resources and help to protect the environment.
TIPS ON RESPONSIBLE ENERGY USE
Replace incadescent bulbs with low enrgy bulbs.
Replace old electrical appliances with more efficient ones that consume less energy.
Use certain domestic appliances only when they are full
Always switch off electronic equipment instead of leaving them in standby mode, which continues to consume energy